HAVE: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Do	I / You / We / They	have	a big family?	Yes, I do. / No, they don't.
Does	He / She / It	have	black hair?	Yes, she does. / No, he doesn't.

WH + HAVE

What / Which things	do	I / You / We / They	have in the backpack?	They have books.
What / Which thing	does	He / She / It	have in the box?	She has a gift.

HAVE GOT
"Have got" means the same as "have", but is used in certain situations.

I’ve / You’ve / We’ve / They’ve	got	a big family.
He’s / She’s	got	a nice apartment.

The verb "have" is used to indicate possession, relationships, or certain states. In English, "have" can be used in various contexts, such as asking about ownership, habits, or experiences. This topic covers how to form questions with "have" and how to respond to them, both positively and negatively.

1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

1. Do I/you/we/they have + base form of the noun? - Used for general questions with "I", "you", "we" and "they".

   • Example: Do you have a pen?

2. Does he/she/it have + base form of the noun? - Used for questions with "he", "she" and "it".

   • Example: Does she have a car?

3. Yes, I/you/we/they do. - Positive response to questions with "do".

   • Example: Yes, I do.

4. No, I/you/we/they do not (don’t). - Negative response to questions with "do".

   • Example: No, I don’t.

5. Yes, he/she/it does. - Positive response to questions with "does".

   • Example: Yes, she does.

6. No, he/she/it does not (doesn’t). - Negative response to questions with "does".

   • Example: No, she doesn’t.

2. SENTENCES:

1. Do you have a minute to talk?
2. Does he have a new job?
3. Do we have enough time for lunch?
4. Does she have any plans for the weekend?
5. Do they have a pet?
6. Does it have a good warranty?
7. Do I have to submit this form today?
8. Does your friend have a book on cooking?

3. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: How do you form a question with "I" using the verb "have"?
A: Use "Do I have" followed by the noun. For example, "Do I have a meeting today?"

Q: How do you ask if someone else has something using the verb "have"?
A: Use "Do you have" (for you), "Does he/she/it have" (for he, she, it). For example, "Do you have a calculator?" or "Does he have your contact details?"

Q: What is a common response to "Do you have any questions?"
A: "Yes, I do." or "No, I don’t"

Q: How do you ask about someone's availability using the verb "have"?
A: Use "Do you have time" or "Does he have time." For example, "Do you have time to meet this afternoon?"

Q: How do you respond to "Does she have a driver's license?"
A: "Yes, she does" or "No, she doesn’t"

Q: How do you ask if something is included or provided?
A: Use "Does it have" followed by the item or feature. For example, "Does it have a USB port?"

4. CONVERSATION:

A: Hi Tom, do you have a moment to discuss the project?

B: Yes, I do. What do you need?

A: Does your team have the latest data on the client?

B: Yes, we have it. Do you need me to send it to you?

A: That would be great. Also, do we have any updates on the deadline?

B: No, we don’t. I’ll check with the manager and get back to you.

A: Thanks! Does she have any specific requests for the report?

B: Not yet, but I will ask her and let you know.

A: Perfect. Do you have any other questions?

B: No, that’s all for now. Thanks for your help!

GET MARRIED?

Getting married is a significant life decision that involves two people committing to spend their lives together. Marriage can be a beautiful celebration of love, partnership, and commitment. It often involves a wedding ceremony, where couples exchange vows and rings in front of family and friends. The reasons people get married vary widely, including love, companionship, financial stability, or cultural and family expectations. Today, marriage traditions can be diverse, influenced by different cultures, religions, and personal preferences. The question "Do you want to get married?" is common in discussions about future plans and relationships.

1. GRAMMAR:

• Future Tenses: To discuss plans or intentions regarding marriage.
  Examples: "I will get married next year," "We are going to have a small wedding."

• Modal Verbs: To talk about possibilities and opinions about marriage.
  Examples: "You should think about getting married," "Can you see yourself getting married?"

• Conditional Sentences: To express hypothetical situations related to marriage.
  Examples: "If I get married, I want a big wedding," "If we move in together, we might think about marriage."

2. VOCABULARY:

• Wedding-Related Words: Bride, groom, fiancé, fiancée, wedding, ceremony, reception, vows, rings, proposal, engagement, honeymoon, guests, officiant, marriage license.
• Types of Weddings: Traditional wedding, civil ceremony, religious ceremony, destination wedding, elopement.
• Describing Relationships: Partner, spouse, husband, wife, engaged, married, single, committed, in a relationship.
• Common Verbs: Propose, marry, engage, commit, plan, celebrate, invite, attend, exchange, vow.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

• "Will you marry me?"
• "They got engaged last month."
• "We are planning our wedding for next summer."
• "Do you believe in marriage?"
• "I want a simple ceremony with just close family and friends."
• "How long have you been married?"
• "They had a beautiful wedding at the beach."

4. SENTENCES:

1. I would like to get married someday and start a family.
2. They got married in a beautiful church last weekend.
3. After dating for five years, he proposed to her on their anniversary.
4. We are thinking about having a destination wedding in Italy.
5. She doesn't want a big wedding; she prefers something small and intimate.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

1. Q: Do you want to get married?
   A: Yes, I do. I think marriage is a beautiful way to commit to someone you love.

2. Q: What kind of wedding do you prefer?
   A: I prefer a small, intimate wedding with just close family and friends.

3. Q: How do you feel about traditional weddings?
   A: I think traditional weddings are beautiful, but I also like the idea of a more modern or personalized ceremony.

4. Q: Have you ever been to a wedding?
   A: Yes, I have. I attended my cousin's wedding last year, and it was wonderful.

5. Q: Why do people get married?
   A: People get married for many reasons, including love, companionship, starting a family, or cultural and religious beliefs.

6. CONVERSATION:

Alice: Hi, Mark! Did you hear that Emma and Jake are getting married?
Mark: Hi, Alice! Yes, I heard. That’s great news! When is the wedding?
Alice: It’s in June, in the countryside. They want a small, outdoor wedding.
Mark: That sounds lovely. Do you think you’ll get married someday?
Alice: I’m not sure. I like the idea of marriage, but I haven’t thought much about it. What about you?
Mark: I do want to get married someday. I think it’s a nice way to show your commitment to someone.
Alice: True, and weddings are such a beautiful celebration. What kind of wedding would you like?
Mark: I think I’d like a beach wedding, something casual and relaxed. How about you?
Alice: A beach wedding sounds amazing! I would prefer a small garden wedding with lots of flowers.
Mark: That would be beautiful. I guess we both like the idea of a simple and natural setting.
Alice: Absolutely. It’s all about being surrounded by loved ones and enjoying the moment.

7. READING:

"Why People Get Married"

Marriage has been a part of human society for centuries, serving as a social, cultural, and legal bond between two people. Traditionally, marriage was often seen as a necessity for social status, economic stability, and the continuation of family lineage. However, in modern times, the reasons people choose to marry have evolved.

Love is perhaps the most common reason for marriage today. Many people believe that marriage is a natural step in a loving relationship, symbolizing a deep commitment to each other. For others, marriage represents companionship and partnership. It’s about finding someone to share life’s ups and downs, creating a sense of belonging and support.

Cultural and religious beliefs also play a significant role in why people get married. In many cultures, marriage is an important rite of passage, and there are traditions and customs that accompany the marriage process. For some, getting married is seen as fulfilling a religious duty, and they follow specific religious ceremonies and rituals.

Financial stability and legal benefits are other practical reasons why people might choose to get married. Married couples often enjoy legal rights and benefits, such as tax advantages, inheritance rights, and health insurance coverage. Marriage can also provide a stable environment for raising children, offering a sense of security and shared responsibility.

In conclusion, marriage is a personal choice, influenced by a variety of factors including love, companionship, cultural traditions, and practical considerations. Whether or not to get married is a decision that each individual or couple must make based on their values, desires, and circumstances. Ultimately, marriage is about commitment, and for many, it is a meaningful and fulfilling way to share their life with someone they love.

MARITAL STATUS

Marital status refers to the legal relationship status of an individual. It is commonly used in various forms, surveys, and legal documents to identify whether a person is single, married, divorced, separated, or widowed. Understanding and correctly identifying one's marital status is important for both personal and official purposes, such as filling out forms for employment, insurance, or tax purposes.

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1. GRAMMAR:

When talking about marital status, we often use the verb "to be" to describe a person's status. The structure generally follows the pattern:

• Subject + verb "to be" + marital status
  • Example: "She is married."

Common sentences structures:

• Present Simple: "I am married." / "He is single."
• Past Simple: "She was married." / "They were divorced."
• Future Simple: "I will be married next year."

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2. VOCABULARY:

• Single: Not married or in a romantic relationship.
• Married: Having a spouse; in a legally recognized relationship.
• Divorced: Legally separated from a spouse after marriage.
• Separated: Living apart from a spouse but not legally divorced.
• Widowed: Having lost one's spouse by death and not remarried.
• Engaged: Promised to be married.
• Partner: A person with whom one shares a committed romantic relationship.
• Spouse: A husband or wife.
• Fiancé/Fiancée: A person engaged to be married (male/female).

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3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

• "I am happily married."
• "We got divorced last year."
• "He is engaged to his high school sweetheart."
• "She has been single for a while."
• "After her husband passed away, she became a widow."
• "They have been separated for two years."

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4. SENTENCES:

1. "I am single and focusing on my career."
2. "They have been married for over 20 years."
3. "After a difficult relationship, she is now divorced."
4. "He is engaged and planning a wedding for next summer."
5. "She lost her husband last year and is now a widow."
6. "Although they are separated, they still remain good friends."

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5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

1. Q: What is your marital status?
   • A: I am married.
2. Q: Are you single?
   • A: No, I am engaged.
3. Q: How long have you been married?
   • A: We have been married for five years.
4. Q: Is she divorced?
   • A: Yes, she got divorced two years ago.
5. Q: Who is his partner?
   • A: His partner is a doctor.

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6. CONVERSATION:

Tom: Hi, Sarah! How are you?

Sarah: Hi, Tom! I'm good, thanks. How about you?

Tom: I’m doing well. I heard you got married recently. Is that true?

Sarah: Yes, it is! I got married last month.

Tom: Congratulations! How is married life treating you?

Sarah: It’s wonderful. We are very happy. How about you? Are you still single?

Tom: Actually, no. I got engaged last week!

Sarah: That’s amazing! Congratulations! Do you have a date for the wedding?

Tom: Not yet, but we are thinking about next spring.

Sarah: That’s great. I’m so happy for you!

Tom: Thanks, Sarah. It’s an exciting time for both of us!

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7. READING:

"The Different Stages of Marital Status"

Marital status is an important aspect of personal identity. People can experience various stages of marital status throughout their lives. Some individuals remain single, choosing to focus on their careers, hobbies, or personal growth. Others find partners and decide to get married, sharing their lives and building families together.

Unfortunately, not all marriages last forever. Some people go through divorce, a legal process that ends a marriage. Divorce can be difficult, but it can also be a chance for a new beginning. In other cases, individuals may become widowed, losing their spouse to death, which can be a challenging experience.

Each stage of marital status brings its own joys and challenges, and people navigate these stages in different ways. Understanding and respecting the diverse experiences of others helps us build a more compassionate society.

FAMOUS FAMILY

A famous family is one that is widely recognized and known by the public, often due to their significant influence in various fields such as entertainment, politics, sports, or business. These families are often in the spotlight, and their lives are followed closely by the media and fans. Examples of famous families include the British royal family, the Kardashians, and the Beckhams. The fame of these families can bring both privileges and challenges, as their private lives are often scrutinized.

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2. Grammar

When talking about famous families, we often use the present simple tense to describe facts and current states. We also use possessive nouns and pronouns to show relationships.

• Present Simple Tense: Used for general facts and descriptions.

  • "The Kardashians live in Los Angeles."
  • "The British royal family is known worldwide."

• Possessive Forms: Used to show relationships or ownership.

  • "Prince Harry is Queen Elizabeth's grandson."
  • "Kim Kardashian is Kanye West's wife."

• Relative Clauses: Used to add information about a noun.

  • "The Kennedys, who are a well-known political family, have a long history in American politics."

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3. Vocabulary

• Royal family: The family of a king or queen.
• Celebrity: A famous person, especially in entertainment or sports.
• Influencer: A person who has the power to influence many people, often through social media.
• Dynasty: A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family.
• Paparazzi: Photographers who follow famous people to take pictures of them.
• Public figure: A person who is well-known and often seen in the media.
• Legacy: Something handed down by a predecessor; reputation left by someone.
• Scandal: An action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong, causing public outrage.

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4. Useful Expressions

• "The Kennedy family has a long political legacy."
• "The royal family attended the charity event yesterday."
• "Famous families are often the subject of media attention."
• "The Beckham family is known for their influence in sports and fashion."
• "Living in the public eye can be challenging."
• "The Kardashians have built an empire around their brand."

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5. Sentences

1. "The British royal family is admired by many people around the world."
2. "Angelina Jolie comes from a family of actors."
3. "The Jackson family is famous for their contributions to music."
4. "Despite their fame, some famous families prefer to keep their personal lives private."
5. "The Beckhams are a well-known family in the sports and fashion industries."
6. "Many famous families use their influence to support charitable causes."

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6. Questions and Answers

1. Q: Who are the members of the British royal family?

   • A: The members include King Charles III, Prince William, and Prince Harry, among others.

2. Q: Why is the Kardashian family famous?

   • A: They are famous for their reality TV show and their influence on social media and fashion.

3. Q: What is a dynasty?

   • A: A dynasty is a powerful family that holds influence over generations, often in politics or business.

4. Q: How do famous families handle media attention?

   • A: Some embrace it, while others try to keep their lives private.

5. Q: What is a scandal?

   • A: A scandal is a controversial event that causes public outrage or embarrassment.

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7. Conversation

Emily: Have you seen the latest news about the royal family?

James: No, what happened?

Emily: Apparently, they are planning a big celebration for the king's birthday next month. It’s going to be a huge event!

James: That sounds exciting! The royal family always knows how to throw a grand event. Do you think the media will cover it extensively?

Emily: Definitely. The media always follows the royal family closely. I wonder if all the members will attend.

James: I’m sure they will. It’s a good opportunity for them to be seen together. Do you follow any other famous families?

Emily: Yes, I find the Kardashians interesting. Their lifestyle is so different from ours!

James: That’s true. They’ve really mastered the art of staying in the public eye.

Emily: Love them or hate them, you have to admit they know how to keep people talking!

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8. Reading

Title: The Influence of Famous Families

Famous families have always captured the interest of the public. Whether they are royal, political, or entertainment families, their influence reaches far and wide. The British royal family, for example, has been a symbol of tradition and continuity for centuries. With events like royal weddings and state occasions, they attract attention from around the globe.

Similarly, in the world of entertainment, families like the Kardashians have built empires through their media presence. They are known for their reality TV shows, fashion lines, and social media influence. These families often face challenges, such as maintaining their privacy and handling public scrutiny, but they also use their platform to advocate for causes they believe in.

Famous families play a significant role in shaping popular culture and public opinion. Their actions, whether positive or negative, have the power to influence the lives of many. As long as there is a public appetite for their stories, famous families will continue to be a subject of fascination.

POSSESSIVE NOUNS

For first and last names that end in "s", you can add "’s" or just "’".

SINGULAR NOUNS (+ 'S)	PLURAL NOUNS (+ ')	IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS (+ 'S)
Sister → Sister’s	Parents → Parents’	Children → Children’s
Brother → Brother’s	Brothers → Brothers’	Women → Women’s

Possessive nouns are used to show ownership or relationship. They indicate that something belongs to someone or something. In English, possessive nouns are formed by adding an apostrophe and the letter "s" to the end of a singular noun or to plural nouns that do not end in "s." For plural nouns ending in "s," only an apostrophe is added.

1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

1. Singular Possessive - Add ’s to a singular noun.

   • Example: The dog’s leash (The leash belongs to the dog).

2. Plural Possessive (not ending in "s") - Add ’s to the plural noun.

   • Example: The children’s toys (The toys belong to the children).

3. Plural Possessive (ending in "s") - Add only an apostrophe ’ to the plural noun.

   • Example: The cats’ toys (The toys belong to the cats).

4. Compound Nouns - Add ’s to the last noun in the compound.

   • Example: My sister-in-law’s house (The house belongs to my sister-in-law).

2. SENTENCES:

1. Mary’s book is on the table.
2. The students’ assignments are due tomorrow.
3. The teacher’s desk is in the corner.
4. The cats’ beds are very comfortable.
5. John and Emma’s car is parked outside.
6. The company’s policy is strict.
7. Sarah’s dress is very beautiful.
8. The neighbor’s dog is very friendly.

3. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: How do you indicate possession for a singular noun?
A: Add ’s to the end of the singular noun. For example, "Anna’s phone."

Q: How do you show possession for a plural noun that does not end in "s"?
A: Add ’s to the end of the plural noun. For example, "The children’s room."

Q: How do you form the possessive for a plural noun that ends in "s"?
A: Add only an apostrophe ’ after the "s." For example, "The teachers’ lounge."

Q: How do you ask about what belongs to someone?
A: Use "Whose" followed by the noun and the possessive form. For example, "Whose book is this?"

Q: How do you respond to "Whose car is parked outside?"
A: "It’s John’s car." or "It’s the neighbor’s car."

Q: How do you indicate possession for compound nouns?
A: Add ’s to the last noun in the compound. For example, "My brother-in-law’s office."

4. CONVERSATION:

A: Hi Emily, do you know whose pen this is?

B: Yes, that’s Mark’s pen. He must have left it here.

A: Oh, I see. And whose notebook is this on the desk?

B: That’s Sarah’s notebook. She often leaves it here after class.

A: I need to find the children’s drawings for the art project. Do you know where they are?

B: Yes, they are in the kids’ room.

A: Thanks! By the way, whose house are we visiting this weekend?

B: We’re visiting my aunt’s house.

A: Great! I’ll make sure to bring a gift.

B: That sounds perfect!

PEOPLE IN YOUR FAMILY

Family is one of the most important aspects of life. It is a group of people related by blood, marriage, or other bonds who provide love, support, and care for each other. The concept of family can vary widely across different cultures and societies. Typically, a family includes parents, children, and sometimes extended family members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Understanding the roles and relationships within a family helps us appreciate the unique bond that family members share.

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2. Grammar

When talking about people in your family, we often use possessive adjectives to show relationships. We also use the present simple tense to describe family members and their characteristics.

• Possessive Adjectives: Used to show ownership or relationships.

  • "My brother is a doctor."
  • "Her mother lives in New York."

• Present Simple Tense: Used for facts and general descriptions.

  • "My father works in a bank."
  • "We have two children."

• Relative Clauses: Used to give additional information about family members.

  • "My sister, who is an engineer, lives in London."

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3. Vocabulary

• Parents: Mother and father.
• Siblings: Brothers and sisters.
• Grandparents: The parents of your parents.
• Aunt: The sister of your mother or father.
• Uncle: The brother of your mother or father.
• Cousin: The child of your aunt or uncle.
• Niece: The daughter of your brother or sister.
• Nephew: The son of your brother or sister.
• Spouse: A husband or wife.
• In-laws: Relatives by marriage (e.g., mother-in-law, brother-in-law).

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4. Useful Expressions

• "I come from a large family."
• "My brother is younger than me."
• "We are a close-knit family."
• "She is the eldest in the family."
• "He takes after his father."
• "Our family gatherings are always fun."

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5. Sentences

1. "My mother is a teacher, and my father is an engineer."
2. "I have two siblings: a brother and a sister."
3. "Our grandparents live in the countryside."
4. "My aunt and uncle have three children."
5. "My cousin is visiting us this weekend."
6. "We enjoy spending holidays together as a family."

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6. Questions and Answers

1. Q: How many people are there in your family?

   • A: There are five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters, and me.

2. Q: Do you have any siblings?

   • A: Yes, I have a brother and a sister.

3. Q: What does your father do?

   • A: My father is a doctor.

4. Q: Where do your grandparents live?

   • A: They live in a small town near the coast.

5. Q: Who is the youngest in your family?

   • A: My little brother is the youngest. He is five years old.

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7. Conversation

Anna: Hi, John! Do you have any plans for the weekend?

John: Hi, Anna! Yes, actually. My family is having a big reunion. All my relatives are coming.

Anna: That sounds exciting! How many people are in your family?

John: Quite a lot. I have two brothers and a sister. My parents, of course, and then there are my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.

Anna: Wow, that’s a big family! Do you all get along?

John: Most of the time, yes. We’re a close-knit family, and we enjoy spending time together. What about you? Do you have a big family?

Anna: Not really. It’s just my parents and me. I have a few cousins, but they live far away, so we don’t see them often.

John: That’s nice, too. Small families can be close in their own way.

Anna: True. It’s quality, not quantity, that matters.

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8. Reading

Title: The Importance of Family

Family plays a crucial role in shaping who we are. From the moment we are born, our family influences our values, beliefs, and behavior. Families come in all shapes and sizes, from large extended families to small nuclear ones. Regardless of the size, the support and love of family members provide a sense of belonging and security.

Parents teach us important life skills and help guide us through life's challenges. Siblings are our first friends and playmates, teaching us about sharing, cooperation, and competition. Grandparents offer wisdom and a link to the past, sharing stories and traditions that keep our heritage alive.

Even as we grow older, the bond with our family remains strong. Family members are there to celebrate our successes and comfort us in difficult times. Whether near or far, the connection we have with our family is one of the most enduring and significant relationships we will ever have.

WHO DO YOU LIVE WITH?

"Who do you live with?" is a common question that people ask to understand someone's living situation. It helps to know whether a person lives alone, with family, friends, roommates, or a partner. This question can give insight into someone's lifestyle, responsibilities, and social connections. Living arrangements can vary widely depending on cultural norms, personal preferences, financial situations, and stages of life.

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2. Grammar

When answering the question "Who do you live with?", we often use the present simple tense because it describes a current and habitual situation. The structure usually involves the subject, the verb "to live," and information about the living arrangement.

• Present Simple Tense: Used for facts and habitual actions.

  • "I live with my parents."
  • "She lives alone."

• Prepositions: Used to indicate the relationship with the people you live with.

  • "I live with my friend."
  • "He lives on his own."

• Question Structure: "Who do you live with?"

  • This structure is common when asking about someone's living situation.

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3. Vocabulary

• Alone: Without other people.
• Roommate: A person you share a room, apartment, or house with.
• Flatmate: A person you share an apartment with.
• Housemate: A person you share a house with.
• Family: People you are related to, such as parents, siblings, or children.
• Partner: A person you are in a romantic relationship with.
• Spouse: A husband or wife.
• Parents: Mother and father.
• Children: Sons and daughters.
• Co-living: A living arrangement where multiple people share a residence.

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4. Useful Expressions

• "I live with my family."
• "We share an apartment."
• "He has his own place."
• "She lives with her parents."
• "They live together as a couple."
• "I have a roommate to split the rent."

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5. Sentences

1. "I live alone in a small apartment downtown."
2. "She lives with her best friend in a shared house."
3. "My brother and I live together to save money."
4. "We have two roommates, and we all get along well."
5. "They live with their parents while they finish university."
6. "I used to live with my sister, but now I have my own place."

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6. Questions and Answers

1. Q: Who do you live with?

   • A: I live with my parents and my younger brother.

2. Q: Do you have any roommates?

   • A: Yes, I have two roommates. We share an apartment.

3. Q: Do you live alone?

   • A: No, I live with my partner.

4. Q: Who lives with you in your house?

   • A: My wife and our two children live with me.

5. Q: Do you live with your family?

   • A: Yes, I live with my mom and dad.

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7. Conversation

Mike: Hi, Emma! How are you doing?

Emma: Hi, Mike! I’m doing well, thanks. How about you?

Mike: I’m good. By the way, who do you live with?

Emma: I live with my sister in an apartment downtown. What about you?

Mike: I live with two friends. We share a house near the university.

Emma: That sounds nice. Do you all get along?

Mike: Yeah, we do. It’s fun living with friends, but sometimes it’s hard to keep the place clean.

Emma: I can imagine! My sister and I have a cleaning schedule to keep things organized.

Mike: That’s a good idea. Maybe we should try that. How long have you been living with your sister?

Emma: We’ve been living together for about a year now. It’s been great. What about you?

Mike: I’ve been living with my friends since we started college, so it’s been about two years now.

Emma: Time flies, doesn’t it?

Mike: It sure does!

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8. Reading

Title: Different Living Arrangements Around the World

People have various living arrangements depending on their cultural background, personal preferences, and life stages. In many cultures, it's common for young adults to live with their parents until they get married or find a stable job. This helps save money and maintain strong family ties.

In Western countries, people often move out of their family home when they go to college or start working. Some choose to live alone for independence, while others prefer to live with friends or roommates to share expenses. Co-living spaces have also become popular in big cities, providing an affordable and social way of living.

Couples often live together before getting married, and married couples usually set up their own homes. In some cultures, extended families live together, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. This creates a strong support system and helps in taking care of the young and elderly.

No matter the arrangement, living with others requires understanding, cooperation, and communication. These different living situations reflect the diverse ways people build their homes and communities, adapting to both tradition and modern lifestyles.

BIG FAMILY

A big family typically refers to a family with many members. This might include parents, several children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins all living together or frequently interacting. Big families are common in many cultures and often provide a strong support network. Members of a big family may experience close relationships and strong family bonds, but they might also face challenges such as limited space and privacy. In big families, there is often a lot of activity, sharing, and teamwork.

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2. Grammar

When talking about a big family, we often use plural nouns and verbs to reflect the many members involved. Possessive adjectives are also commonly used to describe relationships.

• Plural Nouns and Verbs: Used because we are talking about more than one person.

  • "My brothers play soccer every weekend."
  • "Our cousins visit us every summer."

• Possessive Adjectives: Used to show ownership or relationships within the family.

  • "Our family is very close."
  • "Their children are all grown up."

• Quantifiers: Words like 'many' and 'several' are used to indicate the number of family members.

  • "We have many relatives."
  • "There are several children in the family."

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3. Vocabulary

• Relatives: Family members; people related by blood or marriage.
• Extended family: A family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
• Generation: A group of individuals born and living at about the same time (e.g., grandparents, parents, children).
• Household: All the people who live in a house or apartment.
• Cousin: The child of your aunt or uncle.
• Grandparents: The parents of your parents.
• Siblings: Brothers and sisters.
• Niece: The daughter of your brother or sister.
• Nephew: The son of your brother or sister.
• Twins: Two children born to the same mother at the same time.

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4. Useful Expressions

• "I come from a big family."
• "We are a close-knit family."
• "There’s never a dull moment with so many people around."
• "Family gatherings are always noisy and fun."
• "We have a big family reunion every year."
• "Managing a big family can be challenging but rewarding."

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5. Sentences

1. "I have three brothers and two sisters; we are a big family."
2. "Family dinners at our house are always crowded and lively."
3. "Our grandparents live with us, so there are ten people in our household."
4. "Growing up in a big family taught me how to share and cooperate."
5. "We have many cousins, and we see them often at family gatherings."
6. "My parents have five children, so our house is always busy."

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6. Questions and Answers

1. Q: How many people are there in your family?

   • A: There are eight people in my family: my parents, my four siblings, my grandmother, and me.

2. Q: What do you like most about having a big family?

   • A: I love that there’s always someone to talk to and play with.

3. Q: How do you manage household chores in a big family?

   • A: We divide the chores among everyone, so each person has a task to do.

4. Q: Do you often have family gatherings?

   • A: Yes, we have family gatherings almost every month.

5. Q: Is it difficult to find time for yourself in a big family?

   • A: Sometimes, yes, but I enjoy the company of my family, so it’s not a big problem.

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7. Conversation

Sara: Hi, Jake! I heard you have a big family. How many people are there?

Jake: Hi, Sara! Yes, my family is quite big. There are nine of us: my parents, my four brothers, two sisters, and me.

Sara: Wow, that’s a lot of people! How is it living in a big family?

Jake: It’s fun most of the time. There’s always someone to talk to or do things with. But it can be noisy, and sometimes you just want a little peace and quiet.

Sara: I can imagine. How do you all fit in one house?

Jake: We have a big house with four bedrooms. The boys share two rooms, and the girls share one. My parents have their own room. It works out pretty well.

Sara: Do you do things together as a family?

Jake: Yes, we love having big family dinners, and we often play games together. We also have movie nights on weekends.

Sara: That sounds like a lot of fun! I only have one sister, so it’s much quieter at my place.

Jake: Big or small, family is what makes a house feel like home.

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8. Reading

Title: The Joys and Challenges of a Big Family

Living in a big family can be both a joyful and challenging experience. In many cultures, big families are a sign of wealth and prosperity. They provide a built-in support network, where everyone looks out for each other. For children, growing up with many siblings can mean having constant companions and friends to play with. It also teaches them valuable lessons in sharing, cooperation, and patience.

However, living in a big family also comes with its challenges. Space can be limited, leading to shared rooms and little privacy. With many people in one household, conflicts are inevitable. Parents in big families often have to work hard to provide for everyone and ensure that each child receives attention and care.

Despite these challenges, many people who grow up in big families wouldn’t have it any other way. The bonds formed in a big family are often strong and lasting. The sense of belonging, love, and support that comes from being part of a large family is something truly special. Whether it’s celebrating holidays together, supporting each other in tough times, or simply enjoying each other’s company, the joy of family is one of life’s greatest gifts.

YES / NO QUESTIONS (PRESENT SIMPLE)

DO	SUBJECT	VERB		SHORT ANSWERS
Do	you	like	spicy food?	Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does	He / She	like	french fries?	Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Do	you	like	vegetables?	Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
Do	they	like	meat?	Yes, they do. / No, they don't.

Yes/No questions in the present simple tense are used to inquire about facts or states of being that can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." These questions are formed by using the auxiliary verb "do" or "does" followed by the subject and the base form of the main verb. For third-person singular subjects (he, she, it), "does" is used; for all other subjects (I, you, we, they), "do" is used.

1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

1. Do I/you/we/they + base verb? - Used with the pronouns "I", "you", "we" and "they".

   • Example: Do you like coffee?

2. Does he/she/it + base verb? - Used with the pronouns "he", "she" and "it".

   • Example: Does she work here?

3. Yes, I/you/we/they do. - Positive response for "do" questions.

   • Example: Yes, I do.

4. No, I/you/we/they do not (don't). - Negative response for "do" questions.

   • Example: No, I don't.

5. Yes, he/she/it does. - Positive response for "does" questions.

   • Example: Yes, she does.

6. No, he/she/it does not (doesn't). - Negative response for "does" questions.

   • Example: No, she doesn't.

2. SENTENCES:

1. Do they play soccer every weekend?
2. Does he like to read books?
3. Do we have a meeting today?
4. Does she visit her grandparents often?
5. Do you understand the instructions?
6. Does it rain a lot in this city?
7. Do I need to bring anything to the party?
8. Does he study at the library?

3. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: How do you form a yes/no question with "I" using the present simple tense?
A: Use "Do I" followed by the base verb. For example, "Do I need to call you?"

Q: How do you form a yes/no question with "he" using the present simple tense?
A: Use "Does he" followed by the base verb. For example, "Does he eat out often?"

Q: What is a common response to "Do you like pizza?"
A: "Yes, I do." or "No, I don't."

Q: How do you ask if someone works on weekends?
A: Use "Do you work on weekends?" For example, "Do you work on weekends?"

Q: How do you ask if it is sunny today?
A: Use "Is it sunny today?" For example, "Is it sunny today?"

Q: How do you respond to "Does she enjoy her job?"
A: "Yes, she does." or "No, she doesn't."

4. CONVERSATION:

A: Hi Sam, do you have any plans for the weekend?

B: Not really. Do you?

A: Yes, I’m going hiking. Do you like outdoor activities?

B: Yes, I do. Does your family go hiking with you?

A: Sometimes. Does your friend enjoy hiking?

B: No, he doesn’t. Does she live nearby?

A: Yes, she does. Do you need any gear for hiking?

B: No, I have all the gear I need. Does it rain often where you hike?

A: Occasionally, but I check the weather before going.

B: Sounds like a good plan. Have a great hike!

A: Thanks! You too!

COOKING...

Cooking is the art and science of preparing food by combining, mixing, and heating ingredients. It is a skill that has been passed down through generations and varies across cultures, offering a wide variety of dishes and flavors.

Whether for a family meal, a special occasion, or simply to nourish ourselves, cooking allows us to experiment with ingredients and create delicious meals.

1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Imperative Sentences: Used to give instructions or commands.
- For example: "Chop the onions," "Boil the water," "Mix the ingredients."

1.2 Present Continuous Tense: Used to describe ongoing actions.
- For example: "I am cooking dinner," "She is chopping vegetables."

1.3 Countable and Uncountable Nouns: Understanding which ingredients can be counted (e.g., eggs, tomatoes) and which cannot (e.g., flour, sugar).

2. VOCABULARY:
- Ingredients: Salt, pepper, olive oil, garlic, onion, chicken, beef, fish, vegetables, flour, sugar, eggs, butter, milk, spices, herbs.

- Cooking Methods: Boil, bake, fry, grill, roast, steam, stir-fry, sauté, simmer.

- Kitchen Utensils: Knife, fork, spoon, saucepan, frying pan, oven, stove, whisk, mixing bowl, cutting board, blender.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "Can you pass me the salt?"
- "How much time does it take to bake?"
- "What ingredients do we need?"
- "Can you help me chop the vegetables?"
- "It smells delicious!"
- "Let’s preheat the oven to 180 degrees Celsius."

4. SENTENCES:
- Preheat the oven to 200 degrees Celsius before baking the cake.
- She is grilling the chicken for dinner.
- We need to chop the onions and garlic first.
- Please add a pinch of salt to the soup.
- I am going to bake some cookies this afternoon.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What are you cooking for dinner tonight?
A: I am making pasta with tomato sauce and grilled vegetables.

Q: How do you make a cake?
A: First, mix flour, sugar, and eggs in a bowl. Then, add butter and milk. Pour the mixture into a baking pan and bake for 30 minutes.

Q: Do you need any help in the kitchen?
A: Yes, could you please help me chop the vegetables?

Q: What’s your favorite dish to cook?
A: My favorite dish to cook is homemade pizza.

Q: How long does it take to boil potatoes?
A: It usually takes about 10 to 15 minutes.

6. CONVERSATION:
John: Hi, Mary! What are you doing?
Mary: Hi, John! I’m cooking dinner. Would you like to help?
John: Sure! What do you need me to do?
Mary: Could you chop the onions and garlic for me?
John: Of course! What are you making?
Mary: I’m making a vegetable stir-fry. It’s quick and healthy.
John: Sounds delicious! What else do you need?
Mary: We’ll also need some olive oil, salt, and pepper. After you chop the vegetables, we’ll sauté them in the pan.
John: Great! I’ll get started right away.

7. READING:

The Joy of Cooking

Cooking can be a joyful experience that brings people together. Whether you are cooking alone or with family and friends, it offers an opportunity to create something delicious and share it with others. Imagine the smell of freshly baked bread filling the kitchen or the sight of a colorful salad on the table.

Cooking allows us to experiment with different flavors and ingredients, making each meal unique. Even a simple dish can become special when prepared with care. The process of cooking not only nourishes the body but also brings comfort and satisfaction. So, grab a recipe, gather your ingredients, and enjoy the joy of cooking!

HOW DO YOU MAKE...?

A smoothie is a blended beverage made from fruits, vegetables, and other ingredients such as yogurt, milk, or juice. It's a refreshing and nutritious drink that can be enjoyed at any time of the day. Making a smoothie is simple and quick, requiring only a blender and your choice of ingredients.

Smoothies are a great way to consume vitamins and nutrients in a delicious and convenient form.


1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Imperative Sentences: Used to give instructions or commands. For example: "Add the bananas," "Blend the ingredients," "Pour the smoothie into a glass."

1.2 Present Simple Tense: Used to describe general instructions or habits. For example: "People usually use bananas for smoothies," "You add milk for a creamier texture."

1.3 Quantifiers: Words used to express quantities. For example: "a cup of," "a handful of," "some."


2. VOCABULARY:
- Fruits and Vegetables: Banana, strawberry, blueberry, mango, pineapple, spinach, kale, avocado, apple.
- Liquids: Milk, almond milk, coconut milk, juice, water, yogurt.
- Other Ingredients: Honey, chia seeds, protein powder, ice cubes, oats, peanut butter.
- Kitchen Utensils: Blender, knife, cutting board, measuring cup, glass.


3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "What fruits do you like in your smoothie?"
- "Can you pass me the blender?"
- "How much yogurt should I add?"
- "Let’s make a green smoothie with spinach and kale."
- "This smoothie is so refreshing!"
- "Do you prefer your smoothie thick or thin?"


4. SENTENCES:
- Chop the fruits into small pieces before blending.
- Add a cup of milk to make the smoothie creamy.
- Use frozen fruits for a thicker texture.
- Blend all the ingredients until smooth.
- Pour the smoothie into a glass and enjoy!


5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What ingredients do you need to make a smoothie?
A: You need fruits like bananas or strawberries, a liquid like milk or juice, and optional ingredients like honey or protein powder.

Q: How much fruit do you need for one smoothie?
A: Usually, one cup of fruit is enough for one smoothie.

Q: Can you make a smoothie without a blender?
A: It’s difficult because a blender helps mix and break down the ingredients. However, you can use a food processor.

Q: What is a green smoothie?
A: A green smoothie is made with leafy green vegetables like spinach or kale, mixed with fruits to add sweetness.

Q: How do you make a smoothie thicker?
A: You can use frozen fruits, add yogurt, or include some oats or chia seeds.


6. CONVERSATION:
Alex: Hi, Jamie! Do you want to make a smoothie?
Jamie: Sure! I love smoothies. What ingredients do we have?
Alex: We have bananas, strawberries, some yogurt, and almond milk.
Jamie: Perfect! Let’s make a strawberry-banana smoothie. How many bananas should we use?
Alex: I think one banana is enough. We can add a handful of strawberries too.
Jamie: Sounds good. Do you want it sweet? Should we add some honey?
Alex: Yes, let’s add a teaspoon of honey. It will make it sweeter.
Jamie: Great! Let’s put everything in the blender and blend it until smooth.
Alex: All done! Here’s your smoothie.
Jamie: Thanks, Alex! This looks delicious!


7. READING:

"The Perfect Smoothie"

Smoothies are a delicious and easy way to start your day with a burst of energy. They are not only tasty but also packed with essential nutrients. To make the perfect smoothie, you need to find a balance between flavors and textures. Start with a base of liquid, such as milk, juice, or even water. Next, add fruits and vegetables of your choice. Bananas are a popular option because they add a creamy texture, while berries give a vibrant color and a burst of flavor.

For a nutritious boost, you can add a spoonful of chia seeds, flax seeds, or a scoop of protein powder. If you like your smoothie sweet, a little honey or maple syrup can be added. Finally, blend all the ingredients until smooth. The great thing about smoothies is that you can experiment with different ingredients and create a combination that suits your taste. So, grab your blender and start making your own delicious smoothies at home!

TYPES OF FOOD / KIND OF FOOD

Food can be categorized in many ways, depending on its nutritional value, taste, and cultural origin.

Healthy food includes natural and nutritious options like fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains that are beneficial for our bodies. 

Junk food, on the other hand, typically refers to processed foods high in sugars, fats, and calories, such as fast food, snacks, and sweets, which may be tasty but are not as beneficial for our health.

Spicy food is characterized by strong, hot flavors from ingredients like chili peppers, often found in cuisines like Mexican, Indian, and Thai.

Sweet food includes desserts and treats like cakes, candies, and chocolates that satisfy our sweet tooth. Additionally, every culture has its unique cuisine, bringing a variety of flavors and dishes from around the world, such as Italian pasta, Japanese sushi, and Mexican tacos.

1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Adjectives for Describing Food: Words that describe taste, health benefits, and food origins.
- For example: "nutritious," "unhealthy," "spicy," "sweet," "traditional."

1.2 Comparatives and Superlatives: Comparing different types of food.
- For example: "Healthier than," "more delicious," "the spiciest."

1.3 Modal Verbs for Advice: Using "should," "ought to," "must" for giving advice about food choices.
- For example: "You should eat more vegetables," "You must try this spicy dish."

2. VOCABULARY:
- Healthy Food: Salad, grilled chicken, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, yogurt.
- Junk Food: Pizza, hamburgers, fries, chips, candy, soda, cookies, ice cream.
- Spicy Food: Chili, curry, salsa, hot sauce, jalapeños, wasabi, kimchi.
- Sweet Food: Chocolate, cake, pastries, cookies, donuts, ice cream, candy.
- Foods from Other Countries: Sushi (Japan), Tacos (Mexico), Pasta (Italy), Croissants (France), Curry (India), Dim sum (China).

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "I’m trying to eat healthier, so I’m avoiding junk food."
- "Do you like spicy food? This dish has a lot of chili peppers!"
- "Sweet foods are my weakness. I love chocolate and cake."
- "Have you ever tried sushi? It’s a traditional Japanese dish."
- "What’s your favorite type of food from another country?"
- "You should try this; it’s delicious and good for you."

4. SENTENCES:
- Eating healthy food like fruits and vegetables helps keep your body strong and energized.
- Junk food is tasty but eating it too often can be bad for your health.
- I love spicy food! It makes every meal more exciting.
- Sweet foods are great for dessert, but it’s important not to eat too much sugar.
- Every country has its own unique dishes, and trying them is a great way to learn about different cultures.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What are some examples of healthy foods?
A: Healthy foods include fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, whole grains, and nuts.

Q: Why should we avoid eating too much junk food?
A: Junk food is high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and calories, which can lead to health problems like obesity and heart disease.

Q: Do you enjoy spicy food?
A: Yes, I love the heat and flavor of spicy food, especially dishes with chili peppers.

Q: What are some common sweet foods?
A: Common sweet foods include chocolate, ice cream, cake, and candy.

Q: Can you name some foods from other countries?
A: Sure! Some examples are sushi from Japan, tacos from Mexico, and pasta from Italy.

6. CONVERSATION:
Anna: Hi, Tom! I’m trying to eat healthier. Do you have any tips?
Tom: Hi, Anna! Yes, focus on eating more fruits and vegetables, lean proteins like chicken or fish, and whole grains. They are good for your body.
Anna: That’s a great idea. I love salads with lots of vegetables. What about junk food?
Tom: It’s okay to enjoy junk food occasionally, but try not to eat it too often. It’s usually high in fat and sugar.
Anna: True. I also like spicy food. Is that okay?
Tom: Spicy food can be healthy, especially if you make it with fresh ingredients. Just be careful if it’s too spicy!
Anna: I agree! Do you have a favorite type of food from another country?
Tom: I love Italian food. Pasta and pizza are my favorites, but I try to eat them in moderation. How about you?
Anna: I really enjoy Japanese food, especially sushi. It’s delicious and usually healthy.

7. READING:

Exploring the World of Food

Food is an essential part of our lives, not just for survival, but also for pleasure and cultural expression. There are many types of food, each offering different flavors and nutritional benefits. Healthy food, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains, provides the nutrients our bodies need to function well. These foods help maintain energy levels, support immune function, and promote overall health.

On the other hand, junk food is known for being tasty and convenient but often lacks nutritional value. Foods like burgers, fries, and sugary snacks can be enjoyed occasionally, but regular consumption can lead to health issues. For those who enjoy strong flavors, spicy food is a great option. Spices like chili peppers, ginger, and garlic not only add heat but also have health benefits, such as boosting metabolism and providing antioxidants.

Sweet foods are a favorite for many, offering comfort and satisfaction. However, it’s important to enjoy them in moderation due to their high sugar content. Lastly, exploring foods from other countries is a wonderful way to experience new flavors and cultures. From the rich pastas of Italy to the delicate sushi of Japan, international cuisines offer a variety of tastes and textures.

By understanding the different types of food and making balanced choices, we can enjoy delicious meals while maintaining our health. So, next time you’re planning a meal, think about what types of food you enjoy and how they fit into a balanced diet.

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT PRONOUM	VERB
I / You / We / They	eat	meat.
He / She / It	drinks	orange juice.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE: NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT PRONOUM	DO	NOT	VERB		CONTRACTIONS
I / You / We / They	Do	(not)	eat	meat.	Don't
He / She / It	Does	(not)	drink	orange juice.	Doesn't

SPELLING RULES FOR THIRD PERSON SINGULAR (HE, SHE, IT)

In most cases, add "s" to the base form of the verb:	Eat → Eats
If the base form ends in "s", "sh", "ch", "x", or "z", add "es":	Teach → Teaches
If the base form ends in consonant + "y", change the "y" to "i" and add "es":	Study → StudieS
If the base form ends in consonant + "o", add "es":	Go → Goes	Do → Does
The verb have is irregular:	Have → Has

The present simple tense is used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences. It is one of the most commonly used tenses in English and is characterized by its simplicity. The present simple tense is formed by using the base form of the verb for most subjects, with the addition of an "-s" or "-es" for the third person singular (he, she, it).

1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

1. I/You/We/They + base verb - Used with the pronouns "I", "you", "we," and "they".

   • Example: I work from home.

2. He/She/It + base verb + -s - Used with the pronouns "he", "she" and "it".

   • Example: She works from home.

3. Every day/Week/Month - Used to describe how often an action occurs.

   • Example: I go to the gym every day.

4. Usually/Often/Rarely/Never - Used to describe the frequency of an action.

   • Example: He usually eats breakfast at 7 AM.

5. Always/Sometimes - Used to indicate regularity of an action.

   • Example: We sometimes go to the park.

2. SENTENCES:

1. I read the newspaper every morning.
2. She speaks three languages.
3. They work in an office downtown.
4. He drives to work every day.
5. We study English twice a week.
6. The store opens at 9 AM.
7. The sun rises in the east.
8. It rains often in this city.

3. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: How do you ask about someone's daily routine?
A: Use "What do you do every day?" For example, "What do you do every day?"

Q: How do you ask about what someone does regularly?
A: Use "What does she do?" For example, "What does she do on weekends?"

Q: How do you form a question with "they" using the present simple tense?
A: Use "Do they" followed by the base verb. For example, "Do they play tennis?"

Q: What is a common response to "Does he work here?"
A: "Yes, he works here." or "No, he does not work here."

Q: How do you respond to "What time does the train leave?"
A: "The train leaves at 6 PM."

Q: How do you ask about someone's frequency of an action?
A: Use "How often do you" followed by the base verb. For example, "How often do you travel?"

4. CONVERSATION:

A: Hi John, do you work from home?

B: Yes, I work from home most days. What about you?

A: I work in an office downtown. Do you usually work late?

B: No, I usually finish work by 5 PM. Do you go to the gym regularly?

A: Yes, I go to the gym three times a week. How often do you have meetings?

B: I have meetings once a week. The rest of the time, I focus on projects.

A: Sounds like a balanced schedule. Do you ever work on weekends?

B: Rarely, only if there's a deadline. The company expects us to be available if needed.

A: That makes sense. Do you enjoy working from home?

B: Yes, I do. It gives me more flexibility.

A: I can see that. Well, have a great day!

B: You too!

MY FAVORITE FOOD

Food is a reflection of culture, history, and tradition. Among the many cuisines around the world, Peruvian, Chinese, and Italian foods are known for their unique flavors and ingredients.

Peruvian food is famous for its rich diversity, combining influences from indigenous, Spanish, African, and Asian cultures. Dishes like ceviche and lomo saltado highlight the use of fresh ingredients and bold flavors.

Chinese food offers a variety of flavors ranging from sweet and sour to spicy and savory, with dishes like dumplings and Peking duck being popular worldwide.

Italian food is celebrated for its simplicity and use of fresh ingredients, with classics like pasta, pizza, and gelato bringing joy to many. These cuisines are among the favorites of food lovers around the globe.


1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Present Simple Tense: Used to describe general facts or habits.
- For example: "Peruvian food uses a lot of fresh fish," "Chinese food is popular worldwide."

1.2 Present Perfect Tense: To describe experiences.
- For example: "I have tried many Italian dishes," "She has eaten Chinese food many times."

1.3 Comparatives: Comparing different foods.
- For example: "Peruvian food is spicier than Italian food," "Italian food is more popular than Peruvian food."


2. VOCABULARY:
2.1 Peruvian Food:
Ceviche, lomo saltado, ají de gallina, papa a la huancaína, anticuchos, pisco sour.

2.2 Chinese Food:
Dumplings, spring rolls, sweet and sour pork, fried rice, Peking duck, chow mein.

2.3 Italian Food:
Pasta, pizza, lasagna, risotto, bruschetta, tiramisu, gelato.

2.4 General Food Vocabulary:
Ingredients, spices, flavors, cuisine, dish, taste, recipe.


3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "Peruvian food is known for its use of fresh ingredients."
- "I love Chinese food, especially dumplings."
- "Italian food is simple yet delicious."
- "Have you ever tried Peruvian ceviche? It’s amazing!"
- "Chinese cuisine has a lot of variety in flavors."
- "Italian pasta is a classic comfort food."


4. SENTENCES:
- Peruvian ceviche is made with fresh fish, lime juice, and spices.
- Chinese dumplings can be filled with vegetables, pork, or shrimp.
- Italian pasta comes in many shapes and is usually served with a variety of sauces.
- I love the spicy flavors in Peruvian lomo saltado.
- Tiramisu is a famous Italian dessert made with coffee and mascarpone cheese.


5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What is a popular dish in Peruvian cuisine?
A: Ceviche is a popular dish in Peruvian cuisine, made with raw fish marinated in lime juice.

Q: What are some common ingredients in Chinese food?
A: Common ingredients in Chinese food include rice, noodles, soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and vegetables.

Q: Why do people love Italian food so much?
A: People love Italian food because of its simple, fresh ingredients and delicious flavors like tomatoes, olive oil, garlic, and basil.

Q: Have you ever tried Peruvian ají de gallina?
A: Yes, I have! It’s a delicious dish made with chicken, aji peppers, and a creamy sauce.

Q: What’s a typical dessert in Italian cuisine?
A: A typical dessert in Italian cuisine is tiramisu, a layered dessert with coffee-soaked ladyfingers and mascarpone cheese.


6. CONVERSATION:
Maria: Hi, David! Do you like trying food from different countries?
David: Hi, Maria! Yes, I love exploring different cuisines. My favorites are Peruvian, Chinese, and Italian food. How about you?
Maria: I love those too! What’s your favorite Peruvian dish?
David: I really enjoy ceviche. The combination of fresh fish, lime juice, and spices is amazing. What about you?
Maria: I like lomo saltado. It’s so flavorful and satisfying. Have you ever tried Chinese dumplings?
David: Yes, I have! They’re delicious, especially with a little soy sauce. And Italian food?
Maria: Oh, Italian food is a classic! I could eat pasta every day. My favorite is carbonara.
David: I agree! Italian food is comforting. I love tiramisu for dessert.
Maria: That’s a great choice! I think food is a wonderful way to experience different cultures.


7. READING:

"Discovering the Flavors of My Favorite Foods"

Food is a universal language that connects people from different cultures. Among the many cuisines around the world, Peruvian, Chinese, and Italian foods stand out for their rich flavors and unique ingredients. Peruvian cuisine is a blend of different cultural influences, resulting in dishes that are both diverse and delicious. One of the most famous Peruvian dishes is ceviche, which is made with fresh fish marinated in lime juice, onions, and chili peppers. It’s a refreshing and flavorful dish that captures the essence of Peruvian cooking.

Chinese cuisine is known for its variety and complexity. From the delicate taste of dumplings to the bold flavors of sweet and sour pork, Chinese food offers something for everyone. The use of ingredients like soy sauce, ginger, and garlic adds depth and aroma to many dishes, making them unforgettable. Italian cuisine, on the other hand, is celebrated for its simplicity and use of fresh ingredients. Dishes like pasta, pizza, and risotto are not only delicious but also easy to prepare. Italian desserts, such as tiramisu and gelato, are loved for their sweet and creamy textures.

Exploring different cuisines allows us to experience the world through food. Each dish tells a story, reflecting the culture and history of its people. Whether it’s the spicy heat of Peruvian lomo saltado, the comforting warmth of Chinese fried rice, or the classic taste of Italian pasta, these foods bring joy and satisfaction to people all over the world.

ORDER FOOD: SUSHI AND RAMEN

Ordering food is a convenient way to enjoy delicious meals without cooking at home. Two popular choices for ordering food are sushi and ramen, both originating from Japan.

Sushi consists of vinegared rice combined with ingredients like raw fish, vegetables, and sometimes tropical fruits. It can be served in various forms, including rolls, nigiri, and sashimi.

Ramen is a flavorful noodle soup, typically made with broth, noodles, and toppings such as sliced pork, green onions, and a boiled egg.

Both sushi and ramen offer a variety of flavors and textures, making them favorites for food lovers around the world.

1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Imperative Form: Used to give commands or make requests when ordering food. For example: "Please bring me a menu," "I'd like to order sushi."

1.2 Polite Requests: Using "Could" and "Would" for making polite requests. For example: "Could I have some extra soy sauce?" "Would you like to order now?"

1.3 Present Simple and Continuous Tenses: To describe preferences and current actions. For example: "I love sushi," "I am eating ramen right now."

2. VOCABULARY:
2.1 Sushi Terms: Sushi, sashimi, nigiri, maki, temaki, soy sauce, wasabi, ginger, nori (seaweed), sashimi (sliced raw fish).

2.2 Ramen Terms: Ramen, broth, noodles, miso, shoyu (soy sauce), tonkotsu (pork bone), chashu (sliced pork), nori (seaweed), menma (bamboo shoots), tamagoyaki (egg), narutomaki (fish cake).

2.3 General Ordering Vocabulary: Menu, order, deliver, takeout, appetizer, main course, dessert, chopsticks, spoon, bowl.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "I’d like to order sushi, please."
- "Can I have a menu, please?"
- "What types of ramen do you have?"
- "Could I get some extra wasabi?"
- "I prefer my ramen with miso broth."
- "Do you have vegetarian options for sushi?"
- "How spicy is the ramen?"

4. SENTENCES:
- I would like to order a sushi platter with tuna and salmon.
- Can I have a bowl of tonkotsu ramen with extra noodles?
- Please bring some soy sauce and wasabi on the side.
- I prefer sushi rolls over nigiri because they have more ingredients.
- This miso ramen is delicious! It has a rich and savory flavor.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What is sushi?
A: Sushi is a Japanese dish made with vinegared rice and various ingredients such as raw fish, vegetables, and sometimes fruits.

Q: What are the main ingredients in ramen?
A: Ramen typically includes broth, noodles, and toppings such as sliced pork, green onions, and a boiled egg.

Q: Can I get vegetarian sushi?
A: Yes, you can order vegetarian sushi, which usually includes vegetables like cucumber, avocado, and carrots.

Q: How is sashimi different from sushi?
A: Sashimi is just thinly sliced raw fish or seafood, without rice, whereas sushi includes rice and other ingredients.

Q: What is the difference between miso ramen and shoyu ramen?
A: Miso ramen has a broth made with miso paste, giving it a rich and savory flavor, while shoyu ramen has a soy sauce-based broth, which is lighter and saltier.

6. CONVERSATION:
Customer: Hello! I’d like to order some food for takeout.
Waiter: Sure! What would you like to order?
Customer: I’m thinking about sushi and ramen. What types of sushi do you have?
Waiter: We have a variety of sushi, including tuna, salmon, avocado rolls, and spicy tuna rolls. We also have nigiri and sashimi options.
Customer: Great! I’ll take a tuna roll and a salmon nigiri. Also, can I have a bowl of miso ramen?
Waiter: Certainly. Would you like any extra toppings on your ramen?
Customer: Yes, please. Can I get extra sliced pork and an additional egg?
Waiter: Absolutely! Would you like any sauces or sides with your order?
Customer: Yes, could I get extra soy sauce and wasabi with the sushi?
Waiter: Of course. Your order will be ready in about 20 minutes.
Customer: Perfect! Thank you so much.

7. READING:

The Popularity of Sushi and Ramen

Japanese cuisine has become a favorite among people worldwide, with sushi and ramen being two of the most popular dishes. Sushi, which includes vinegared rice combined with various ingredients like raw fish, vegetables, and seaweed, is loved for its fresh taste and artistic presentation. Sushi can be served in different styles, such as maki (rolls wrapped in seaweed), nigiri (hand-pressed rice with a slice of fish on top), and sashimi (thinly sliced raw fish without rice). These different types allow for a variety of flavors and textures, making sushi a versatile dish.

Ramen, a comforting noodle soup, is another beloved dish. It is made with a savory broth that can be based on miso, soy sauce, or pork bone, and includes noodles and a variety of toppings like sliced pork, boiled eggs, and vegetables. The rich and flavorful broth combined with chewy noodles and delicious toppings makes ramen a favorite, especially in colder weather. Both sushi and ramen showcase the balance of flavors and attention to detail that is characteristic of Japanese cuisine.

Ordering sushi and ramen is not only a delicious experience but also a convenient one, as many restaurants offer takeout and delivery options. This allows people to enjoy these flavorful dishes in the comfort of their own homes. Whether it’s a quick lunch or a special dinner, sushi and ramen are excellent choices for any occasion.

I DRINK...

Drinking is an essential part of daily life, providing hydration and nutrients that are crucial for our health. People drink a variety of beverages throughout the day, including water, coffee, tea, juice, milk, and sometimes alcohol.

Each drink serves a different purpose and can be enjoyed in various settings. Water is the most basic and important drink for staying hydrated. Coffee and tea are popular for their stimulating effects and comforting warmth. Juice provides vitamins and natural sweetness, while milk is a good source of calcium.

Alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, and cocktails are often consumed for social enjoyment. Understanding what we drink and how it affects our body is important for making healthy choices.


1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Present Simple Tense: To talk about regular habits or facts.
- For example: "I drink water every day," "She drinks coffee in the morning."

1.2 Countable and Uncountable Nouns: To discuss quantities of drinks.
- For example: "a cup of tea" (countable), "some water" (uncountable).

1.3 Modal Verbs for Advice: Using "should," "ought to," "must" for suggesting drinking habits.
- For example: "You should drink more water," "You must try this juice."


2. VOCABULARY:
- Common Drinks: Water, coffee, tea, juice, milk, soda, wine, beer, cocktails, smoothies.
- Hot Drinks: Coffee, tea, hot chocolate, espresso, cappuccino, latte.
- Cold Drinks: Iced tea, iced coffee, lemonade, soda, smoothies, milkshake.
- Alcoholic Drinks: Beer, wine, whiskey, vodka, rum, gin, cocktails, champagne.
- Other Drinks: Herbal tea, green tea, black tea, fruit juice, vegetable juice, energy drinks, mineral water.


3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "I start my day with a cup of coffee."
- "Could I have some water, please?"
- "Do you prefer tea or coffee?"
- "I enjoy drinking fresh orange juice in the morning."
- "What’s your favorite type of wine?"
- "You should try this herbal tea; it’s very relaxing."
- "Drinking enough water is important for your health."


4. SENTENCES:
- I drink coffee every morning to help me wake up.
- Drinking water throughout the day keeps me hydrated.
- On hot days, I like to have a cold lemonade.
- My favorite drink at parties is a cocktail with gin and tonic.
- I usually have a glass of milk before bed to help me sleep.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What do you usually drink in the morning?
A: I usually drink a cup of coffee in the morning to start my day.

Q: How much water should a person drink each day?
A: It is recommended to drink about 8 glasses of water each day to stay hydrated.

Q: Do you prefer tea or coffee?
A: I prefer tea because it’s lighter and has many different flavors.

Q: What is your favorite juice?
A: My favorite juice is fresh orange juice because it’s sweet and full of vitamin C.

Q: Is it okay to drink alcohol every day?
A: It’s best to drink alcohol in moderation. Drinking too much can be harmful to your health.


6. CONVERSATION:
James: Hi, Sarah! What are you drinking?
Sarah: Hi, James! I’m having a cup of green tea. It’s my favorite.
James: That sounds nice. I usually drink coffee, but I’m trying to drink more tea.
Sarah: Tea is great! It has less caffeine, and there are so many flavors to choose from. Do you drink coffee every day?
James: Yes, I do. I can’t start my day without it. What about you? Do you drink coffee?
Sarah: Sometimes, but I prefer tea. I also like to drink juice in the morning, especially orange juice.
James: I like orange juice too. It’s refreshing. What do you drink in the evening?
Sarah: In the evening, I usually drink water or sometimes a glass of wine if I’m having dinner with friends.
James: Sounds good. I usually stick to water in the evening too. It helps me relax.


7. READING:

"Choosing the Right Drink for Every Occasion"

Drinking the right beverage can make a big difference in how we feel throughout the day. Water is essential, as it keeps us hydrated and helps our bodies function properly. Experts recommend drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day. In the morning, many people reach for coffee or tea to help wake them up. Coffee is popular for its strong flavor and caffeine content, which boosts energy and alertness. Tea, on the other hand, offers a wide range of flavors and can be soothing, especially herbal teas like chamomile or peppermint.

Juices, made from fruits or vegetables, are another popular choice, providing vitamins and a refreshing taste. Freshly squeezed orange juice, apple juice, and carrot juice are favorites for many. Milk, rich in calcium and protein, is often enjoyed by children and adults alike, sometimes flavored with chocolate or blended into smoothies.

In social settings, alcoholic beverages are common. Beer and wine are often enjoyed with meals, while cocktails like margaritas and mojitos are popular at parties. It’s important to drink alcohol responsibly and to be aware of its effects on health. Drinking in moderation is key to enjoying these beverages without negative consequences.

Overall, the drinks we choose can enhance our meals, provide comfort, and contribute to our health. Whether it’s a hot cup of coffee in the morning, a cold glass of lemonade on a hot day, or a relaxing cup of tea in the evening, there’s a perfect drink for every moment.

WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO EAT?

Food is not only essential for survival but also a source of joy and cultural expression. People have different preferences when it comes to what they like to eat, influenced by their tastes, cultural backgrounds, and dietary needs.

Some enjoy savory dishes, while others prefer sweet treats. From fresh salads and hearty soups to rich desserts and spicy foods, there is a wide variety of options to satisfy every palate.

Asking someone, "What do you like to eat?" is a common way to learn about their preferences and discover new dishes.

1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Present Simple Tense: To talk about habits, likes, and dislikes.
- Examples: "I like to eat pizza," "She doesn’t like spicy food."

1.2 Wh- Questions: Used to ask about preferences.
- Examples: "What do you like to eat?", "Where do you usually eat lunch?"

1.3 Using Adjectives: To describe food preferences and tastes.
- Examples: "I like sweet desserts," "He enjoys spicy noodles."

2. VOCABULARY:
- Food Preferences: Favorite, like, dislike, prefer, enjoy, love, hate.
- Food Categories: Vegetables, fruits, meat, seafood, dairy, grains, sweets, snacks.
- Taste Descriptions: Sweet, savory, spicy, bitter, sour, salty, tangy, mild, rich, creamy, crunchy.
- Common Foods: Pizza, pasta, salad, chicken, fish, rice, bread, cheese, chocolate, ice cream, soup, sandwich.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "I love eating fresh fruit for breakfast."
- "I prefer savory snacks over sweet ones."
- "Do you enjoy spicy food?"
- "What’s your favorite meal of the day?"
- "I’m not a big fan of seafood."
- "I like to try new foods whenever I can."
- "My favorite comfort food is mac and cheese."

4. SENTENCES:
- I like to eat pasta with tomato sauce for dinner.
- She loves spicy food, especially hot chili peppers.
- They enjoy having a fresh salad with every meal.
- He doesn’t like sweets, so he avoids desserts.
- My favorite dish is grilled chicken with vegetables.

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What do you like to eat for breakfast?
A: I like to eat yogurt with fresh fruit and granola for breakfast.

Q: Do you prefer sweet or savory foods?
A: I prefer savory foods, especially anything with cheese or garlic.

Q: What is your favorite type of cuisine?
A: My favorite type of cuisine is Italian because I love pasta and pizza.

Q: Is there any food you don’t like?
A: Yes, I don’t like mushrooms. I find their texture too slimy.

Q: Do you enjoy eating out at restaurants?
A: Yes, I enjoy eating out, especially at sushi restaurants. I love trying different kinds of sushi.

6. CONVERSATION:
Anna: Hi, John! What do you like to eat for lunch?
John: Hi, Anna! I usually like to eat something light, like a salad or a sandwich. How about you
Anna: I love having a big bowl of pasta for lunch. It’s filling and delicious!
John: That sounds great! Do you like spicy food?
Anna: Not really. I prefer milder flavors. Spicy food is too much for me. Do you like spicy food?
John: Yes, I do! I love spicy dishes. The spicier, the better.
Anna: Interesting! Do you have a favorite type of cuisine?
John: I really enjoy Mexican food. Tacos, burritos, and enchiladas are my favorites. What about you?
Anna: I think I’d go with Italian food. There’s just so much variety, and everything tastes so good.
John: True! Italian food is amazing. Maybe we should go to an Italian restaurant for lunch one day.
Anna: That’s a great idea! Let’s do it.

7. READING:

Exploring Food Preferences: What Do People Like to Eat?

Everyone has their own unique preferences when it comes to food. These preferences can be influenced by culture, upbringing, personal taste, and even health considerations. Some people might love the heat of spicy food, savoring the burn of chili peppers and hot sauces, while others might prefer the comfort of milder flavors, enjoying the simple taste of grilled chicken and steamed vegetables.

Sweet foods are often popular, especially for desserts. Chocolate, ice cream, and cakes are beloved treats that many people can’t resist. On the other hand, there are those who prefer savory snacks like chips, cheese, or nuts, finding satisfaction in salty, rich flavors.

Cultural background also plays a significant role in shaping what we like to eat. For instance, people who grow up in Mediterranean regions might have a preference for olive oil, fresh vegetables, and seafood, while those from Asian countries might favor rice, noodles, and various spices.

Trying new foods is also a way to expand one’s palate. Traveling or dining out at different restaurants can introduce people to cuisines they might not have experienced before. Whether it's the fresh flavors of sushi, the robust taste of Indian curry, or the rich sauces of French cuisine, there’s always something new to discover.

In conclusion, what we like to eat is as diverse as the cultures and people around the world. Our preferences reflect our personalities and experiences, making food not just a necessity, but also a way to connect with others and explore the world.