Talking about having more than one of something is an essential part of everyday communication. This topic introduces learners to plural nouns, quantifiers, and basic structures used to describe quantities. By understanding these, learners can effectively discuss collections, possessions, and amounts in various contexts.
GRAMMAR
Plural Nouns
Forming Plurals:
- Add -s: book → books, car → cars
- Add -es for nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z: box → boxes, bus → buses
- Change -y to -ies if the noun ends with a consonant + y: baby → babies, city → cities
- Irregular Plurals: man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet, tooth → teeth
Quantifiers for Plural Nouns:
- Some: Used for an unspecified quantity.
Example: "I have some pencils." - Many: Used for large quantities.
Example: "There are many apples." - A few: Used for small quantities.
Example: "She has a few friends."
- Some: Used for an unspecified quantity.
Verb Agreement:
- Use plural verbs with plural nouns.
Example: "The books are on the table."
- Use plural verbs with plural nouns.
Examples:
Positive:
- "I have two brothers."
- "There are many chairs in the room."
Negative:
- "I don’t have any pencils."
- "She doesn’t own many dresses."
Questions:
- "How many pets do you have?"
- "Are there any cookies left?"
VOCABULARY
Pair: Two things of the same kind.
Example: "I bought a pair of shoes."Dozen: A group of twelve.
Example: "We need a dozen eggs."Several: More than two but not many.
Example: "She has several jackets."Collection: A group of items of the same type.
Example: "He has a coin collection."Couple: Two items or people.
Example: "I ate a couple of cookies."Set: A group of related items.
Example: "I bought a new set of plates."Few: A small number.
Example: "There are a few apples left."Pair of glasses: Eyewear.
Example: "I need a new pair of glasses."Bunch: A group, especially for fruits like bananas.
Example: "She bought a bunch of bananas."Pile: A heap of things.
Example: "There’s a pile of clothes on the bed."
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
- "How many do you have?"
- "I have a lot of books."
- "There are several options."
- "We bought a dozen eggs."
- "Do you have a collection?"
- "I don’t have many pairs of shoes."
- "They own a few cars."
- "She has too many clothes."
- "We need some plates for the party."
- "Are there enough chairs?"
SENTENCES
Positive Sentences
- "I have three cats."
- "We own several bicycles."
- "There are many plants in the garden."
Negative Sentences
- "I don’t have many jackets."
- "There aren’t any apples in the fridge."
- "He doesn’t collect stamps."
Questions
- "How many friends do you have?"
- "Are there a lot of books on the shelf?"
- "Do you own more than one phone?"
Answers
- "I have five close friends."
- "Yes, there are a lot of books."
- "No, I only have one phone."
CONVERSATION
Scene: Emma and Jake are talking about their belongings.
Emma: Hey, Jake! How many hats do you have?
Jake: Oh, I have about six hats. What about you?
Emma: I only have two. Do you have more than one backpack?
Jake: Yes, I have three backpacks. I use one for school, one for the gym, and one for hiking.
Emma: That’s a lot! I just have one. Do you collect anything?
Jake: Yes, I collect stamps. I have hundreds of them!
READING
"Anna’s Collection"
Anna loves collecting things. She started with coins when she was ten years old. Now, she has more than 500 coins from different countries. Each coin has a special story. For example, she has a coin from Canada that her uncle gave her during his trip.
Besides coins, Anna collects postcards. She has around 300 postcards from all over the world. Her friends send her postcards whenever they travel. Anna enjoys looking at the pictures and reading the messages on the back.
She dreams of having a museum one day where she can display her collection for everyone to see.
Questions and Answers
Q: What does Anna collect?
A: Anna collects coins and postcards.Q: How many coins does she have?
A: She has more than 500 coins.Q: Where is her coin from Canada from?
A: Her uncle gave it to her during his trip.Q: How many postcards does Anna have?
A: She has around 300 postcards.Q: What is Anna’s dream?
A: She dreams of having a museum to display her collection.
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