At the A2 level, learners move beyond the basics and start to use more complex grammar. This list explains the most important grammar points, with examples and notes on usage.
1. Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
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Present Simple (habits, routines, facts): I usually go to school.
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Present Continuous (actions happening now): I am going to school now.
👉 Difference: Present Simple = habits / Present Continuous = actions happening at this moment
Present Simple (habits, routines, facts): I usually go to school.
Present Continuous (actions happening now): I am going to school now.
👉 Difference: Present Simple = habits / Present Continuous = actions happening at this moment
2. Past Simple vs. Past Continuous
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Past Simple (completed actions): I went to the park yesterday.
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Past Continuous (ongoing action interrupted): I was going to the park when it started to rain.
Past Simple (completed actions): I went to the park yesterday.
Past Continuous (ongoing action interrupted): I was going to the park when it started to rain.
3. Present Perfect Simple
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Affirmative: I have visited Paris.
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Negative: I haven’t visited Paris.
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Questions: Have you visited Paris?
👉 Usage: Experiences, unspecified time, actions connected to the present.
Affirmative: I have visited Paris.
Negative: I haven’t visited Paris.
Questions: Have you visited Paris?
👉 Usage: Experiences, unspecified time, actions connected to the present.
4. Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
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Present Perfect: I have seen that movie. (unspecified time, still relevant)
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Past Simple: I saw that movie last week. (specific time, finished action)
Present Perfect: I have seen that movie. (unspecified time, still relevant)
Past Simple: I saw that movie last week. (specific time, finished action)
5. Future Forms
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Will: I will call you tomorrow. (spontaneous decision, promise)
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Going to: I am going to visit my friend. (plan, intention)
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Present Continuous (future): I am meeting her at 6 pm. (fixed arrangement)
Will: I will call you tomorrow. (spontaneous decision, promise)
Going to: I am going to visit my friend. (plan, intention)
Present Continuous (future): I am meeting her at 6 pm. (fixed arrangement)
6. Modal Verbs (Ability, Permission, Advice, Obligation)
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Can / Could: Can you swim? / Could you open the window?
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Should: You should eat more vegetables. (advice)
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Must: You must wear a helmet. (strong obligation)
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Have to: I have to finish my homework. (necessity)
Can / Could: Can you swim? / Could you open the window?
Should: You should eat more vegetables. (advice)
Must: You must wear a helmet. (strong obligation)
Have to: I have to finish my homework. (necessity)
7. Comparatives and Superlatives
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Comparatives: bigger, more interesting
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Superlatives: the biggest, the most interesting
👉 Used to compare two or more things.
Comparatives: bigger, more interesting
Superlatives: the biggest, the most interesting
👉 Used to compare two or more things.
8. Adverbs of Frequency, Manner, Time, Place
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Frequency: always, often, never
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Manner: slowly, carefully
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Time: yesterday, soon
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Place: here, there
Frequency: always, often, never
Manner: slowly, carefully
Time: yesterday, soon
Place: here, there
9. Countable and Uncountable Nouns
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Countable: apple/apples, chair/chairs
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Uncountable: water, money
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Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, a lot of, a few, a little
Countable: apple/apples, chair/chairs
Uncountable: water, money
Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, a lot of, a few, a little
10. Articles
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Definite: the sun
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Indefinite: a car, an hour
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Zero article: I like tea.
Definite: the sun
Indefinite: a car, an hour
Zero article: I like tea.
11. Pronouns and Determiners
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Subject: I, you, he, she, we, they
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Object: me, him, us
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Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, hers
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Possessive Adjectives: my, your, her, their
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Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, themselves
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Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Subject: I, you, he, she, we, they
Object: me, him, us
Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, hers
Possessive Adjectives: my, your, her, their
Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, themselves
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
12. Prepositions of Time, Place, Movement
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Time: at night, on Monday, in January
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Place: in the room, on the floor, at the bus stop
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Movement: to, into, out of, onto
Time: at night, on Monday, in January
Place: in the room, on the floor, at the bus stop
Movement: to, into, out of, onto
13. First Conditional
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Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb
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Example: If it rains, I will stay home.
Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb
Example: If it rains, I will stay home.
14. Second Conditional
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Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb
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Example: If I had a car, I would drive to work.
Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb
Example: If I had a car, I would drive to work.
15. Question Forms
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Yes/No: Did you see the movie? / Are you coming?
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Wh-: Where do you live? / What did you do?
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Indirect: Can you tell me where the bank is?
Yes/No: Did you see the movie? / Are you coming?
Wh-: Where do you live? / What did you do?
Indirect: Can you tell me where the bank is?
16. Imperatives with Modifiers
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Positive: Please sit down.
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Negative: Please don’t smoke.
Positive: Please sit down.
Negative: Please don’t smoke.
17. Verb Patterns
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Verb + -ing: I enjoy swimming.
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Verb + to-infinitive: I want to learn.
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Both: I like swimming. / I like to swim.
Verb + -ing: I enjoy swimming.
Verb + to-infinitive: I want to learn.
Both: I like swimming. / I like to swim.
18. Gerunds and Infinitives
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Gerunds: Swimming is fun. / I like swimming.
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Infinitives (after adjectives): It’s easy to learn.
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Infinitives (purpose): I went to the store to buy milk.
Gerunds: Swimming is fun. / I like swimming.
Infinitives (after adjectives): It’s easy to learn.
Infinitives (purpose): I went to the store to buy milk.
19. Reported Speech (Basic)
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Statements: He said (that) he was tired.
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Questions: She asked if I was okay.
Statements: He said (that) he was tired.
Questions: She asked if I was okay.
20. Past Perfect Simple (Introduction)
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Structure: had + past participle
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Example: I had already eaten when he arrived.
Structure: had + past participle
Example: I had already eaten when he arrived.
21. Relative Clauses (Defining)
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Who / That / Which: The person who called me was my friend.
👉 Gives essential information about a subject.
Who / That / Which: The person who called me was my friend.
👉 Gives essential information about a subject.
22. Quantifiers
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some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, little
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Example: There are many books. / There is some water.
some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, little
Example: There are many books. / There is some water.
23. Question Tags
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Positive sentence + negative tag: It’s cold, isn’t it?
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Negative sentence + positive tag: You don’t like it, do you?
Positive sentence + negative tag: It’s cold, isn’t it?
Negative sentence + positive tag: You don’t like it, do you?
24. Common Phrasal Verbs
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wake up, sit down, put on, take off
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Example: I wake up at 7 am.
wake up, sit down, put on, take off
Example: I wake up at 7 am.
25. Expressing Likes and Dislikes
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I like, I love, I don’t like, I hate
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Example: I love swimming. / I don’t like running.
I like, I love, I don’t like, I hate
Example: I love swimming. / I don’t like running.
26. Expressing Opinions
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I think, In my opinion, I believe
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Example: I think it’s a good idea.
I think, In my opinion, I believe
Example: I think it’s a good idea.
✅ Extra Notes for Learners
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Linking Words for A2: because, so, but, although (useful for longer sentences).
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Polite Requests: Would you like...? / Could you...?
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Everyday Communication: What’s the matter?, How was your weekend?
Linking Words for A2: because, so, but, although (useful for longer sentences).
Polite Requests: Would you like...? / Could you...?
Everyday Communication: What’s the matter?, How was your weekend?
👉 This grammar list provides A2 students with the tools to communicate confidently in daily situations, write short texts, and prepare for B1 level grammar.
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