CAN / CAN'T

Talking about Ability with can / can't

I/You/He/She/We/They

can/can't

speak French.

Can and can’t are followed by the base form of the verb. Can’t is the short form of cannot. In spoken English, can’t is more common.

Questions with can / can't

Yes/No questions	Can you speak Spanish?	Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
Wh- questions	Which languages can Carla speak?	(She can speak) Spanish and English.
Wh- questions	Who can speak Japanese?	Toshi (can).

"Can" and "can't" are modal verbs used to express ability, possibility, or permission. "Can" is used to indicate that someone is able to do something, or that something is possible. "Can't" (the contraction of "cannot") is used to indicate inability or impossibility. These verbs help communicate what someone is capable of or allowed to do, as well as what is not possible or permitted.

1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

1.1 Can:
- "Can you swim?" (ability)
- "Can I use your phone?" (permission)
- "Can you help me with this task?" (request for help)

1.2 Can't:
- "I can't drive yet" (inability)
- "You can't park here" (prohibition)
- "She can't come to the party" (lack of possibility)

2. SENTENCES:

2.1 Can:
- "I can play the piano very well"
- "Can you speak Spanish?"
- "She can finish the project by Friday"
- "We can go to the beach if the weather is nice"

2.2 Can't:
- "I can’t lift that heavy box by myself"
- "You can’t enter the building without an ID badge"
- "He can’t attend the meeting because he is sick"
- "They can’t go on vacation this year due to work commitments"

3. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: Can you drive a car?
A: Yes, I can drive a car. I have a driver's license.

Q: Can she play the guitar?
A: No, she can’t play the guitar. She’s never learned how.

Q: Can we bring our pets to the hotel?
A: No, we can’t bring pets to the hotel. It’s against their policy.

Q: Can you help me with my homework?
A: Yes, I can help you with your homework. What do you need help with?

Q: Can he come to the party tonight?
A: No, he can’t come to the party tonight. He has other plans.

4. CONVERSATION:

Sarah: Hey, Tom! Can you help me move this table?
Tom: Hi, Sarah! Sure, I can help. Where do you want to move it?
Sarah: Just to the other side of the room. Also, can you show me how to set up this new printer?
Tom: Yes, I can show you how to set it up. But I’m afraid I can’t stay for long. I have to leave for a meeting soon.
Sarah: That’s okay, thanks for your help. Can you come back later to help me with the rest of the setup?
Tom: I can’t promise, but I’ll try. I’ll let you know if I can make it.

5. READING:

Understanding "Can" and "Can't"

The modal verbs "can" and "can't" are used to express capability, possibility, and permission. They are essential for communicating what is achievable or permissible.

"Can" is used to express ability or possibility. For example, "I can swim" indicates that the speaker has the ability to swim. Similarly, "Can I borrow your book?" asks for permission to use the book.

"Can't" is used to indicate an inability or impossibility. For example, "I can’t attend the meeting" means the speaker is unable to attend due to some reason. Additionally, "You can’t smoke in this area" indicates a prohibition.

These modal verbs help convey various nuances in everyday conversations, such as whether someone is capable of doing something, whether something is allowed, or whether an action is possible or impossible. Mastery of "can" and "can't" is important for clear and effective communication.

I WANT TO MAKE ONE MILLION DOLLARS A YEAR!

In this lesson, we will explore the ambitious goal of making one million dollars a year. We will discuss various paths to achieve this goal, the mindset required, and the steps one can take to make it happen.

This topic is designed to inspire and motivate learners to think big, set high goals, and take action towards financial success. Along the way, we will also cover useful vocabulary, expressions, and grammar points related to discussing money, goals, and success.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Future Tense with "will" and "going to":

- "I will make one million dollars a year."

- "I am going to start a business to achieve my financial goals."

1.2 Modal Verbs for Possibility and Necessity:

- "I must work hard to achieve my goal."

- "You can invest in real estate to earn more money."

- "I might need a mentor to guide me."

1.3 Conditionals (First and Second Conditionals):

- "If I save and invest wisely, I will become a millionaire."

- "If I had a successful business, I could make one million dollars a year."

1.4 Phrasal Verbs Related to Business and Money:

- "Set up" (e.g., "I want to set up my own company.")

- "Take off" (e.g., "His business took off and became very profitable.")

- "Pay off" (e.g., "All the hard work finally paid off.")

2. VOCABULARY:

- Revenue: The total income generated by a business.

- Profit: The money left after all expenses have been paid.

- Investment: The act of putting money into something to earn a profit.

- Entrepreneur: A person who starts and runs a business.

- Strategy: A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term goal.

- Wealth: An abundance of valuable possessions or money.

- Passive income: Money earned with little to no effort.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "To make a fortune"

- "To strike it rich"

- "To think outside the box"

- "To be in the black" (to be profitable)

- "To be worth a fortune"

- "To reach financial freedom"

- "To live the dream"

4. SENTENCES:

- "To make one million dollars a year, you need to have a clear plan and stay focused."

- "Many entrepreneurs start by identifying a gap in the market and offering a unique solution."

- "Investing in stocks and real estate can significantly increase your wealth over time."

- "Building a strong network of contacts is crucial for business success."

- "Creating multiple streams of income is a smart strategy to reach financial goals."

5. QUESTIONS ANS ANSWERS:

Q: What are some ways to make one million dollars a year?

A: Some ways include starting a successful business, investing in real estate, becoming an expert in a high-paying field, or developing passive income streams.

Q: Why is it important to set financial goals?

A: Setting financial goals helps you stay focused, motivated, and gives you a clear direction on how to achieve financial success.

Q: What is passive income?

A: Passive income is money you earn with little to no effort, such as through investments, rental properties, or royalties.

Q: Can anyone become a millionaire?

A: Yes, with the right mindset, strategy, and dedication, anyone can work towards becoming a millionaire.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "I really want to make one million dollars a year. Do you think it’s possible?"

B: "Absolutely! But it won't be easy. You need a solid plan and a lot of dedication."

A: "What do you suggest I start with?"

B: "You could start by saving and investing wisely. Also, think about what skills you have that could generate a high income."

A: "That makes sense. I was also thinking about starting an online business."

B: "That's a great idea! Online businesses have a lot of potential. Just make sure you offer something unique and valuable."

A: "Thanks for the advice! I feel more confident about my goal now."

B: "You're welcome! Remember, consistency is key. Keep working towards your goal, and you’ll get there."

7. READING:

"How to Make One Million Dollars a Year"

Making one million dollars a year is a dream for many people. It represents financial freedom and the ability to live life on your own terms. However, achieving this goal requires more than just dreaming. It takes careful planning, hard work, and smart financial decisions.

First, identify what you are passionate about and where you can add value. This could be through starting your own business, investing in real estate, or climbing the corporate ladder. The key is to focus on areas where you can excel and generate significant income.

Next, develop a clear strategy. This involves setting specific financial goals, creating a budget, and finding ways to increase your income. Diversifying your income streams is also important. Relying on just one source of income can be risky, so look for opportunities to earn money from multiple channels.

Lastly, adopt a millionaire mindset. This means being disciplined with your finances, constantly learning, and not being afraid to take calculated risks. Surround yourself with like-minded people who can support and inspire you on your journey.

With determination, strategic planning, and the right mindset, making one million dollars a year can become a reality. Start today, and take the first step towards your financial success.

BUSINESSPERSON

In this lesson, we will explore the role and characteristics of a successful businessperson. We will discuss what it takes to be successful in the business world, including skills, attitudes, and behaviors. 

This topic will also cover the vocabulary, grammar, and expressions commonly used when talking about business. The goal is to provide learners with the language tools they need to describe, discuss, and engage in business activities effectively.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Present Simple for General Facts and Routines:
- "A businessperson meets clients regularly."
- "They make important decisions every day."

1.2 Present Perfect for Experience and Accomplishments:
- "I have managed several successful projects."
- "She has been in the industry for over ten years."

1.3 Modals for Ability, Advice, and Necessity:
- "You should develop strong communication skills."
- "A businessperson must be able to handle stress."
- "They can adapt to changing market conditions."

1.4 Passive Voice for Formal Contexts:
- "Contracts are signed by the businessperson."
- "Important decisions are made in board meetings."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Entrepreneur: A person who starts and runs a business.
- Negotiation: The process of discussing terms to reach an agreement.
- Profit margin: The amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs.
- Strategy: A plan designed to achieve a long-term goal.
- Leadership: The ability to guide and motivate people.
- Market research: The process of gathering information about consumers' needs and preferences.
- Networking: Building relationships with other professionals for mutual benefit.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "To close a deal"
- "To run a business"
- "To take a calculated risk"
- "To climb the corporate ladder"
- "To be in charge of"
- "To make a profit"
- "To think strategically"

4. SENTENCES:

- "A successful businessperson knows how to identify opportunities in the market."
- "Developing a strong network is essential for any aspiring businessperson."
- "They always think strategically to achieve long-term goals."
- "Effective communication is key when negotiating with clients."
- "A good leader inspires and motivates their team to succeed."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: What skills are important for a businessperson?
A: Important skills include communication, leadership, negotiation, strategic thinking, and financial literacy.

Q: Why is networking important for a businessperson?
A: Networking helps a businessperson build relationships, gain new clients, find business opportunities, and stay informed about industry trends.

Q: What is the role of market research in business?
A: Market research helps businesspeople understand consumer needs, preferences, and market trends, which is crucial for making informed business decisions.

Q: How can a businessperson stay competitive?
A: By continuously learning, adapting to changes, innovating, and understanding their competitors.

Q: What does it mean to take a calculated risk?
A: Taking a calculated risk means making a decision that has potential rewards while carefully considering the possible downsides and having a plan to manage them.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "I’ve always wanted to be a successful businessperson. Do you have any tips?"
B: "Absolutely! First, you need to develop strong leadership and communication skills. They are crucial for managing a team and negotiating deals."
A: "That makes sense. What else should I focus on?"
B: "It’s important to think strategically. Always have a plan, and be ready to adapt it as the market changes."
A: "How about networking? Is it really that important?"
B: "Yes, it’s very important! Networking helps you connect with potential clients, partners, and even mentors who can guide you."
A: "I see. I guess I should start attending more business events and making connections."
B: "Definitely! And remember, success doesn’t happen overnight. Stay persistent and keep learning."

7. READING:

"The Path to Becoming a Successful Businessperson"

Becoming a successful businessperson is a journey that requires dedication, hard work, and a willingness to take risks. It’s not just about making money; it’s about creating value, solving problems, and making a difference in the world.

A successful businessperson must possess a variety of skills. Leadership is one of the most important. Leading a team effectively requires not only the ability to make decisions but also the ability to inspire and motivate others. Communication skills are equally essential, as they allow a businessperson to convey ideas clearly, negotiate deals, and build relationships.

In addition to skills, having a strategic mindset is crucial. A businessperson must be able to see the bigger picture, set long-term goals, and plan how to achieve them. This often involves taking calculated risks, being innovative, and staying ahead of the competition.

Networking plays a vital role in the business world. Building a strong network of contacts can open doors to new opportunities, provide valuable advice, and offer support when challenges arise.

Lastly, a successful businessperson never stops learning. The business world is constantly evolving, and staying informed about the latest trends, technologies, and market conditions is key to maintaining a competitive edge.

In conclusion, becoming a successful businessperson is about more than just financial success. It’s about leadership, strategy, communication, and continuous improvement. By developing these skills and qualities, anyone can take significant steps toward achieving their business goals.

MY WORK GOALS

In this lesson, we will focus on setting and achieving work goals. Understanding how to set clear, attainable goals is crucial for professional development and career success.

This topic will cover different types of work goals, the importance of goal-setting, and the steps needed to achieve these goals. We will also look at useful vocabulary, expressions, and grammar related to discussing work goals, aspirations, and career planning.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Future Tense for Planning:

- "I will improve my skills in project management."

- "Next year, I am going to take a leadership course."

1.2 Present Perfect for Experience and Achievements:

- "I have achieved my sales target for three consecutive years."

- "She has completed all her professional certifications."

1.3 Conditional Sentences for Setting and Achieving Goals:

- "If I work hard, I will get promoted."

- "If I had more time, I could learn a new language."

1.4 Gerunds and Infinitives for Expressing Goals:

- "My goal is to become a team leader."

- "I am interested in improving my communication skills."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Promotion: A move to a higher position within a company.

- Skills development: Improving or gaining new skills.

- Career path: The progression of one's professional life.

- Performance: How well someone does their job.

- Milestone: A significant event or achievement that marks progress.

- Networking: Building professional relationships.

- Certification: An official document proving a skill or qualification.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "To set a goal"

- "To achieve a goal"

- "To work towards a goal"

- "To reach a milestone"

- "To stay focused on"

- "To make a plan"

- "To measure progress"

4. SENTENCES:

- "My primary work goal this year is to get a promotion."

- "To achieve my career goals, I need to improve my public speaking skills."

- "Setting clear and realistic goals is essential for professional growth."

- "I have set a goal to complete my certification by the end of this year."

- "Networking with other professionals can help me reach my work goals."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: What are your main work goals?

A: My main work goals are to improve my leadership skills and get a promotion to a management position.

Q: Why is it important to set work goals?

A: Setting work goals helps you stay focused, motivated, and provides a clear direction for your career.

Q: How do you plan to achieve your work goals?

A: I plan to achieve my work goals by attending workshops, seeking feedback from my supervisor, and working on my skills.

Q: What steps are necessary to reach a career milestone?

A: To reach a career milestone, you need to set specific goals, develop a plan, track your progress, and stay committed.

Q: Can you give an example of a short-term work goal?

A: A short-term work goal could be to improve my time management skills within the next three months.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "What are your work goals for this year?"

B: "I’m aiming to get a promotion to the team lead position. I’ve been working on improving my leadership skills."

A: "That’s a great goal! How are you planning to achieve it?"

B: "I’ve signed up for a leadership training course, and I’m also seeking feedback from my manager on areas I can improve."

A: "Sounds like a solid plan. Do you have any other goals?"

B: "Yes, I also want to expand my professional network by attending industry conferences and events."

A: "Networking is so important. It’s great that you’re thinking about that too."

B: "Absolutely. Building relationships can open up new opportunities."

7. READING:

"The Importance of Setting Work Goals"

Setting work goals is a crucial aspect of professional development. It gives direction to your career and provides a clear roadmap for what you want to achieve. Whether you are aiming for a promotion, looking to develop new skills, or planning to change your career path, having well-defined goals can help you stay focused and motivated.

Work goals can be divided into short-term and long-term goals. Short-term goals might include improving a specific skill or completing a project. Long-term goals could involve getting a higher position, gaining recognition in your field, or becoming an expert in a certain area. By breaking down your goals into smaller, manageable tasks, you can steadily work towards achieving them.

Another important aspect of goal-setting is the ability to measure your progress. Regularly reviewing your goals and assessing your achievements can help you stay on track and make necessary adjustments. It’s also important to celebrate your milestones, as they represent the progress you have made.

Networking is another key factor in achieving work goals. Building relationships with colleagues, mentors, and other professionals can provide valuable insights, advice, and opportunities. Additionally, continuously learning and adapting to new skills and knowledge is essential in today’s fast-paced work environment.

In conclusion, setting and working towards clear, achievable work goals is vital for career success. It requires planning, dedication, and the willingness to take action. By focusing on your goals, you can make significant progress in your professional life and achieve the success you desire.

I LIKE YOUR JOB

In this lesson, we will discuss expressing admiration for someone else's job. This can be a great way to start conversations, build relationships, and learn more about different professions.

We will cover how to ask about someone's job, express interest, and discuss different aspects of work. Additionally, we will learn useful vocabulary, expressions, and grammar to talk about jobs and careers effectively.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Present Simple for Describing Jobs:

"She works as a graphic designer."

"He manages a team of engineers."

1.2 Present Continuous for Ongoing Actions:

"I am currently working on a new project."

"They are looking for a new job."

1.3 Questions in the Present Simple:

"What do you do for a living?"

"Where does he work?"

1.4 Comparatives for Expressing Preferences:

"Your job seems more interesting than mine."

"I think being a teacher is more fulfilling than working in an office."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Occupation: A person's job or profession.

- Career: A long-term professional journey based on interests and goals.

- Colleague: A person you work with.

- Employer: A person or organization that hires people to work for them.

- Work environment: The setting, conditions, and culture in which a person works.

- Responsibilities: Duties and tasks required by a job.

- Skills: Abilities and expertise that enable a person to do a job well.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "What do you do for a living?"

- "I find your job really fascinating."

- "How long have you been working in this field?"

- "What do you like most about your job?"

- "I’ve always been interested in that line of work."

- "It sounds like a rewarding career."

- "I admire the work you do."

4. SENTENCES:

- "I like your job because it allows you to be creative and innovative."

- "It must be exciting to work in such a fast-paced environment."

- "Your job seems very challenging, but also very rewarding."

- "I think being able to help people every day is an amazing part of your job."

- "Working as a travel blogger sounds like a dream job to me."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: What do you do for a living?

A: I work as a software developer at a tech company.

Q: What do you like most about your job?

A: I enjoy solving complex problems and creating useful applications.

Q: How long have you been working in this field?

A: I’ve been working in marketing for about five years now.

Q: Why do you find my job interesting?

A: I think it’s interesting because you get to meet new people every day and learn about different industries.

Q: Is there anything you don’t like about your job?

A: Sometimes the long hours can be exhausting, but I love what I do, so it’s worth it.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "Hey, I heard you’re a graphic designer. I like your job!"

B: "Thanks! Yeah, I’ve been working as a designer for about three years now. What do you do?"

A: "I’m a teacher. But I’ve always been fascinated by design. What do you like most about your job?"

B: "I love the creativity involved. Every project is different, and I get to bring ideas to life visually. How about you? What do you enjoy most about teaching?"

A: "I enjoy helping students learn and seeing their progress. It’s really rewarding to make a difference in their lives."

B: "That’s amazing! Teaching is such an important job. Do you think you’ll ever switch careers?"

A: "I’m not sure, but I’m definitely interested in exploring design in my free time. Maybe take a course or something."

B: "That’s a great idea! It’s always good to explore new interests."

7. READING:

"Exploring Different Jobs: Why It’s Important to Like Your Job"

Liking your job is more than just a matter of personal satisfaction. It can significantly impact your overall happiness, motivation, and productivity. When you enjoy what you do, you are more likely to be engaged, put in extra effort, and perform better. This not only benefits you but also the organization you work for.

There are many factors that can make a job enjoyable. Some people find satisfaction in jobs that allow them to be creative and innovative, such as design, writing, or marketing. Others may prefer jobs that involve helping people, like teaching, healthcare, or social work. Some individuals thrive in dynamic environments where every day is different, while others might prefer the stability of routine tasks.

It’s also important to work in a positive environment with supportive colleagues. A good work culture can make a huge difference in how you feel about your job. Being surrounded by motivated and friendly coworkers can make even challenging days more manageable.

If you find yourself not liking your job, it might be time to explore other options. This doesn’t necessarily mean changing careers entirely; sometimes, a small shift in responsibilities or a change in departments can make a big difference. It’s also helpful to talk to people who work in fields you’re interested in. Learning about different jobs and what they involve can give you a better understanding of what might suit you best.

In conclusion, finding a job you like is crucial for personal and professional well-being. It allows you to be more engaged, productive, and satisfied with your work. By exploring different options and being open to new opportunities, you can find a career that you truly enjoy and thrive in.

TOUR GUIDE: RESPONSIBILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS

In this lesson, we will explore the role of a tour guide, focusing on their responsibilities and the requirements needed to succeed in this career. Being a tour guide is not just about leading people; it involves a range of skills, knowledge, and personal qualities.

We will discuss what makes a good tour guide, the tasks they perform, and the qualifications needed. This topic will also include useful vocabulary, expressions, and grammar for discussing jobs, responsibilities, and requirements.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Present Simple for General Facts:

- "Tour guides provide information about tourist sites."

- "They lead groups through various locations."

1.2 Modal Verbs for Abilities and Requirements:

- "Tour guides must have good communication skills."

- "They should be knowledgeable about the history of the places they visit."

- "You need to speak at least two languages to work in international tourism."

1.3 Imperatives for Giving Instructions:

- "Please follow the guide closely."

- "Listen carefully to the safety instructions."

1.4 Past Simple for Discussing Experiences:

- "Last year, I worked as a tour guide in Italy."

- "She guided over 50 tours during the summer season."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Itinerary: A planned route or journey.

- Monument: A structure created to commemorate a person or event.

- Landmark: A recognizable natural or man-made feature used for navigation.

- Heritage: Traditions, customs, and artifacts passed down through generations.

- Tourist attraction: A place of interest where tourists visit.

- Multilingual: Able to speak several languages.

- Customer service: Assistance and advice provided to people who buy or use products or services.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "To give a tour"

- "To guide visitors"

- "To explain the history of"

- "To provide information about"

- "To ensure the safety of the group"

- "To handle customer inquiries"

- "To organize the itinerary"

4. SENTENCES:

- "A tour guide provides detailed information about historical landmarks."

- "They are responsible for ensuring the safety and enjoyment of the tourists."

- "Tour guides often work long hours, especially during the peak tourist season."

- "Knowledge of local culture and history is essential for a good tour guide."

- "They must be able to answer questions and handle unexpected situations."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: What are the main responsibilities of a tour guide?

A: The main responsibilities include leading groups, providing information about the locations, ensuring safety, and answering questions from tourists.

Q: What skills are important for a tour guide?

A: Important skills include excellent communication, knowledge of history and culture, multilingual abilities, and good customer service.

Q: Do tour guides need any specific qualifications?

A: While formal qualifications are not always required, many employers prefer guides who have certifications, language skills, and a background in history or tourism.

Q: How does a tour guide prepare for a tour?

A: They prepare by planning the itinerary, learning about the sites, gathering materials, and sometimes rehearsing their presentations.

Q: Why is it important for a tour guide to be knowledgeable about the places they visit?

A: Being knowledgeable allows the guide to provide accurate information, make the tour more engaging, and answer any questions tourists may have.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "I’ve always admired tour guides. They seem to know so much about different places!"

B: "Yes, being a tour guide requires a lot of knowledge. They need to learn about the history, culture, and interesting facts of the sites they show."

A: "What other responsibilities do they have?"

B: "Besides providing information, they are responsible for the safety of the group, organizing the itinerary, and ensuring that everyone has a good experience."

A: "That sounds challenging. Do you think it’s a rewarding job?"

B: "Absolutely! It’s rewarding because you get to meet people from all over the world and share amazing stories with them."

A: "I think I’d like to try it someday. What skills would I need to develop?"

B: "You’d need to work on your communication skills, learn about local history, and possibly learn a few foreign languages. Being patient and friendly is also important!"

7. READING:

"Becoming a Successful Tour Guide: Responsibilities and Requirements"

Tour guides play a vital role in the tourism industry. They are the face of the places they represent, providing visitors with a memorable experience. But what exactly does a tour guide do, and what does it take to become one?

Responsibilities of a Tour Guide

A tour guide’s primary responsibility is to lead and inform. They guide groups through various locations, offering detailed information about the history, culture, and significance of the sites. This can range from ancient ruins and historic buildings to natural wonders and modern attractions. Beyond providing information, tour guides must ensure the safety of their group. This includes knowing emergency procedures, managing the group’s movements, and being aware of the environment and potential hazards.

Another important responsibility is customer service. Tour guides must handle questions, address concerns, and sometimes deal with difficult situations. They are responsible for making sure every participant enjoys the tour, regardless of their background or expectations. This requires patience, flexibility, and a positive attitude.

Requirements to Be a Tour Guide

While passion and enthusiasm are essential, certain skills and qualifications can make a significant difference. Communication skills are at the top of the list. A good tour guide must be able to convey information clearly and engagingly. This often involves storytelling, which makes the facts more interesting and memorable.

Knowledge of the area is also crucial. Tour guides should be well-versed in the history, culture, and unique aspects of the places they tour. This knowledge helps them answer questions accurately and provide a richer experience for tourists.

Many tour guides are multilingual, which allows them to communicate with tourists from different countries. Speaking multiple languages is a valuable asset, especially in popular tourist destinations where visitors come from all over the world.

WHEN CAN YOU START?

In this lesson, we will focus on a crucial part of job interviews: discussing start dates. The question "When can you start?" is often asked by employers to understand when a potential employee can begin their duties. Knowing how to answer this question effectively can help you make a good impression and align your start date with the company’s needs.

This lesson will cover relevant grammar, vocabulary, useful expressions, example sentences, questions and answers, conversation, and a reading passage to help you navigate this topic confidently.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Future Tense for Planning and Promises:

- "I will start on the 1st of October."

- "I will be available to start in two weeks."

1.2 Present Simple for Stating Facts and Schedules:

- "I currently work at a marketing firm."

- "My current job requires a one-month notice period."

1.3 Present Continuous for Arrangements:

- "I am finishing a project and can start next Monday."

- "I am planning to leave my current job at the end of the month."

1.4 Modal Verbs for Offering Flexibility and Making Suggestions:

- "I can start immediately if necessary."

- "I could start earlier, but I need to check with my current employer."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Notice period: The amount of time an employee must give their current employer before leaving a job.

- Immediate availability: Being able to start work right away.

- Transition period: The time taken to move from one job to another.

- Onboarding: The process of integrating a new employee into a company.

- Resignation: The act of leaving a job.

- Commitment: A promise or agreement to start working at a certain time.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "I am available to start on [specific date]."

- "My current job requires a [time period] notice."

- "I can start as soon as possible."

- "Would starting on [specific date] work for you?"

- "I need to give my current employer [time period] notice."

- "I am flexible and can adjust my start date if necessary."

- "I am finishing up my responsibilities and can start [date]."

4. SENTENCES:

- "I am available to start on the 1st of September."

- "I can begin work immediately as I have already completed my notice period."

- "My current role requires me to give a one-month notice before I leave."

- "Would starting next Monday work for you?"

- "I am flexible and can start earlier if that suits the company’s needs."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: When can you start?

A: I can start immediately, as I am not currently employed.

Q: Are you able to start next week?

A: Yes, I am able to start next week. I just need to finalize a few details at my current job.

Q: Do you need to give notice to your current employer?

A: Yes, I need to give a two-week notice, so I can start after that.

Q: What is your availability to start?

A: I am available to start on the 15th of this month, as I need to complete a project at my current job.

Q: Can you start earlier if needed?

A: I will try to arrange an earlier start date, but I would need to discuss it with my current employer first.

6. CONVERSATION:

Interviewer: "We’re very interested in hiring you for the position. When can you start?"

Candidate: "Thank you! I am excited about this opportunity. I can start in two weeks. I need to give my current employer a two-week notice."

Interviewer: "That makes sense. Would there be any possibility of starting sooner?"

Candidate: "I could try to negotiate an earlier start date, but I want to ensure a smooth transition for my current employer. I can confirm with you in a few days."

Interviewer: "We appreciate your professionalism. Two weeks should work for us, but please let us know if you can start sooner."

Candidate: "Absolutely, I will keep you updated. I am looking forward to joining your team."

7. READING:

7.1 "How to Answer: When Can You Start?"

In job interviews, candidates often face the question, "When can you start?" This seemingly simple question can have a significant impact on the hiring process. It helps employers plan and manage their workflow and sets expectations for the new hire’s start date.

7.2 Understanding Notice Periods

Before answering, it’s important to understand your current employment situation. Many jobs require a notice period, typically ranging from two weeks to one month. This is the time you need to give your current employer before leaving. Knowing your notice period allows you to give a clear and accurate answer about your availability.

7.3 Being Honest and Realistic

When asked about your start date, be honest and realistic. If you say you can start immediately but still need to finish tasks at your current job, it can lead to problems. It’s better to be upfront about any commitments you need to fulfill. Employers appreciate honesty and clear communication.

7.4 Flexibility and Negotiation

While it’s important to be honest, showing flexibility can be a positive trait. If you can adjust your schedule to start earlier, it may benefit both you and the employer. If your current employer is flexible, you might be able to negotiate an earlier start date. Always express your willingness to accommodate the company’s needs if possible.

7.5 Tips for Answering the Question

- Prepare in Advance: Before the interview, think about your current commitments and when you can realistically start a new job.

- Be Specific: Give a specific date if possible. This shows that you have thought about the transition and are ready to make a commitment.

- Express Willingness to Discuss: If you need to negotiate, express your willingness to discuss the start date. This shows that you are cooperative and open to finding a solution that works for both parties.

BE A VOLUNTEER

This lesson focuses on the concept of volunteering, exploring what it means to be a volunteer, the benefits of volunteering, and the different ways people can get involved. Volunteering is a great way to give back to the community, gain new skills, and make a positive impact.

In this lesson, we will cover the responsibilities of volunteers, reasons to volunteer, and how to find volunteer opportunities. We will also learn relevant grammar, vocabulary, useful expressions, example sentences, questions and answers, conversation, and a reading passage to help you understand and talk about volunteering effectively.

1. GRAMMAR:

1.1 Present Simple for General Statements:

- "Volunteers help people in need."

- "Many people choose to volunteer to gain experience."

1.2 Present Continuous for Current Actions:

- "She is volunteering at the animal shelter this weekend."

- "We are organizing a charity event to support local schools."

1.3 Modal Verbs for Suggestions and Obligations:

- "You should consider volunteering if you want to gain new skills."

- "Volunteers must commit their time and effort to help others."

1.4 Future Simple for Planning and Promises:

- "I will volunteer at the local food bank next Saturday."

- "They will organize a beach clean-up event next month."

2. VOCABULARY:

- Community service: Volunteer work intended to help people in a particular area.

- Non-profit organization: An organization that does not earn profits for its owners. All the money earned or donated is used in pursuing the organization’s objectives.

- Charity: An organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need.

- Fundraising: The process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions.

- Environmental conservation: The practice of protecting the natural environment.

- Commitment: A promise to dedicate time and effort to a cause or activity.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:

- "I volunteer at..."

- "Giving back to the community"

- "To make a difference"

- "To dedicate time to a cause"

- "To support a cause"

- "To get involved in community service"

- "To help those in need"

- "To gain experience"

- "To work for a non-profit organization"

4. SENTENCES:

- "Volunteering is a great way to make a positive impact on the community."

- "I volunteer at a local shelter every weekend."

- "He decided to volunteer to gain experience in teaching."

- "Non-profit organizations rely on volunteers to help carry out their missions."

- "By volunteering, you can learn new skills and meet new people."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Q: Why should I volunteer?

A: Volunteering is a great way to give back to the community, learn new skills, meet new people, and make a positive impact.

Q: Where can I volunteer?

A: You can volunteer at local non-profit organizations, schools, hospitals, animal shelters, community centers, or environmental conservation projects.

Q: How much time do I need to volunteer?

A: The time commitment varies depending on the organization and the type of work. Some volunteers commit a few hours a week, while others may volunteer for specific events or projects.

Q: What skills can I gain from volunteering?

A: Volunteering can help you gain skills such as leadership, communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and time management.

Q: Can volunteering help me in my career?

A: Yes, volunteering can enhance your resume, provide networking opportunities, and help you gain experience in fields related to your career interests.

6. CONVERSATION:

A: "I’ve been thinking about volunteering but I’m not sure where to start. Do you have any suggestions?"

B: "That’s great! There are so many options. What are you interested in?"

A: "I’m passionate about animals. I was thinking of helping at an animal shelter."

B: "That’s a wonderful idea. Animal shelters always need volunteers to help care for the animals and support adoption events."

A: "Do you volunteer anywhere?"

B: "Yes, I volunteer at a local food bank. I help organize donations and distribute food to families in need."

A: "That sounds rewarding. How often do you volunteer?"

B: "I go once a week for a few hours. It’s not a huge time commitment, but it feels good to help out."

A: "I think I’ll look into the animal shelter near my home. Thanks for the encouragement!"

B: "You’re welcome! Let me know how it goes!"

7. READING:

"The Power of Volunteering: How Giving Your Time Can Make a Difference"

Volunteering is a powerful way to make a positive impact on your community and the world. Whether you are helping at a local food bank, tutoring students, cleaning up parks, or working with non-profit organizations, volunteering offers many benefits.

Why Volunteer?

People choose to volunteer for many reasons. Some want to give back to their community, others are looking to gain experience or learn new skills, and some simply enjoy helping others. Volunteering can also be a way to meet new people, explore different fields of work, and make meaningful connections.

Types of Volunteering

There are many different types of volunteering opportunities. Community service projects, such as helping at local schools or community centers, are popular. Environmental conservation projects, like beach clean-ups and tree planting, allow volunteers to help protect the planet. Volunteering at hospitals, nursing homes, or with charities that support children, animals, or the homeless are other common options.

How to Get Started

Starting as a volunteer is easy. First, think about what causes you care about. Do you want to work with children, the elderly, animals, or the environment? Next, look for local organizations or events that need volunteers. Many non-profit organizations have websites where you can sign up to volunteer. You can also contact them directly to ask about opportunities.

The Benefits of Volunteering

Volunteering offers many benefits. It can help you develop new skills, such as leadership, communication, and teamwork. It also provides an opportunity to learn more about the community and the world. Volunteering can boost your resume, giving you valuable experience and showing potential employers that you are dedicated and community-minded. Most importantly, volunteering can give you a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Knowing that you are making a difference in someone’s life or helping to protect the environment is a rewarding experience.

YOU'RE HIRED!

This lesson focuses on the exciting and rewarding moment of receiving a job offer. Hearing the words "You're hired!" is a significant achievement in anyone's career journey.

This topic will explore what happens after being hired, including the onboarding process, understanding employment terms, and preparing for your new role. We will cover relevant grammar, vocabulary, useful expressions, example sentences, questions and answers, conversation, and a reading passage to help you navigate this crucial stage of employment confidently.

1. GRAMMAR:
1.1 Present Perfect for Past Experiences Relevant to the Present:
- "I have worked in marketing for five years."
- "She has completed all the necessary training for the job."

1.2 Future Simple for Discussing Upcoming Plans:
- "I will start my new job next Monday."
- "They will send me the contract to sign."

1.3 Present Continuous for Near Future Plans:
- "I am starting my new position next week."
- "We are meeting with the HR manager tomorrow."

1.4 Modals for Offers and Possibilities:
- "You can start the onboarding process next week."
- "We would like to welcome you to the team."

2. VOCABULARY:
- Job offer: A formal proposal by an employer to hire someone.
- Onboarding: The process of integrating a new employee into a company.
- Contract: A written agreement between an employee and an employer.
- Probation period: A trial period at the beginning of employment to assess the employee's performance.
- Orientation: A program to introduce new employees to the company, its policies, and their roles.
- Benefits package: The additional perks provided by the employer, such as health insurance, retirement plans, and vacation days.
- Job responsibilities: The tasks and duties that are part of a job.

3. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS:
- "Congratulations, you're hired!"
- "We are pleased to offer you the position."
- "Your start date will be..."
- "Please review and sign the contract."
- "We will send you the onboarding schedule."
- "You will report to the HR department on your first day."
- "Welcome to the team!"
- "We look forward to working with you."
- "You will have a probation period of three months."
- "Let's discuss your job responsibilities."

4. SENTENCES: 
- "Congratulations, you're hired! We are excited to have you on our team."
- "I will start my new job on the 1st of September."
- "Please review the contract and let us know if you have any questions."
- "You will have a three-month probation period to assess your performance."
- "We will provide you with all the necessary training during your onboarding."

5. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:
Q: What should I do after receiving a job offer?
A: After receiving a job offer, review the contract carefully, ask any questions you may have, and confirm your start date.

Q: What is the onboarding process?
A: The onboarding process involves training and orientation to help new employees understand their roles and the company’s policies.

Q: Will I have a probation period?
A: Yes, many companies have a probation period to assess new employees' performance. This is usually specified in the job offer.

Q: What if I have questions about the job offer?
A: If you have questions about the job offer, it’s important to contact the HR department or the hiring manager to clarify any doubts before accepting.

Q: What are job responsibilities?
A: Job responsibilities are the specific tasks and duties you are expected to perform in your new role.

6. CONVERSATION:
HR Manager: "Congratulations, Sarah! You're hired! We are excited to offer you the position of Marketing Coordinator."
Sarah: "Thank you so much! I’m thrilled about this opportunity. What are the next steps?"
HR Manager: "First, we will send you the job offer letter and contract. Please review and sign them. Then, we will schedule your onboarding."
Sarah: "Great! When will my first day be?"
HR Manager: "Your start date will be September 1st. You will have a three-month probation period to get familiar with the role and our company."
Sarah: "That sounds good. What can I expect during the onboarding?"
HR Manager: "During onboarding, you will meet your team, learn about our marketing strategies, and receive training on our tools and processes. We will make sure you have everything you need to succeed."
Sarah: "I appreciate that. I’m looking forward to joining the team!"
HR Manager: "We’re looking forward to having you, Sarah. Welcome to the team!"

7. READING:

"You've Got the Job: What Happens Next?"
Hearing the words "You're hired!" is an exciting moment. After successfully going through the application and interview process, receiving a job offer means that the company has chosen you to be part of their team. But what happens next?

Reviewing the Job Offer
The first step after being hired is to review the job offer. This typically includes the job title, salary, start date, and details about benefits such as health insurance, vacation days, and retirement plans. It’s important to read the offer carefully and ask any questions you may have before signing the contract. Make sure you understand your job responsibilities and the expectations for your role.

Understanding the Onboarding Process
Once you accept the job offer, the next step is onboarding. Onboarding is a process that helps new employees learn about the company, understand their job responsibilities, and get the tools they need to do their work. During onboarding, you may attend orientation sessions, meet your team, and receive training. This process is essential for helping you adjust to your new job and start off on the right foot.

Probation Period
Many companies have a probation period for new employees. This is a trial period, usually lasting a few months, during which the employer evaluates your performance and fit with the company. It’s a time for you to prove yourself and show that you are the right person for the job. It’s also a chance for you to make sure that the company and role are a good fit for you.

Starting Your New Role
After onboarding and the probation period, you will settle into your new role. It’s important to communicate with your manager, ask questions when needed, and be proactive in learning about your job. Building good relationships with your colleagues and being open to feedback will help you succeed in your new position.