LEARNING ENGLISH PROJECT: September 2025

Thursday, September 11, 2025

C2 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

C2-level vocabulary encompasses a comprehensive and nuanced command of the English language, allowing users to express themselves with subtlety, precision, and stylistic sophistication across academic, professional, and literary contexts. It includes idiomatic expressions, rare collocations, discipline-specific jargon, and abstract terminology. Learners at this level can decode complex connotations, switch registers effortlessly, and articulate highly refined arguments with rhetorical effectiveness. They’re capable of engaging with demanding texts and producing language that is not only accurate, but elegant and idiomatically rich.

🧠 1. Abstract Thought and Critical Reasoning

Verbs: extrapolate, hypothesize, postulate, conceptualize, deduce
Nouns: epistemology, premise, inference, assumption, paradigm
Adjectives: cogent, unfounded, substantiated, hypothetical
Phrases: in the realm of, from a theoretical standpoint, beyond the scope

📚 2. Academic and Scientific Language

Vocabulary: peer review, longitudinal study, empirical evidence, falsifiability, academic rigor
Verbs: synthesize, disseminate, refute, replicate, scrutinize
Collocations: a body of research, academic discourse, methodological approach
Phrases: It is widely accepted that..., The findings suggest that..., This contradicts the theory that...

🗣️ 3. Language, Rhetoric and Nuanced Expression

Verbs: articulate, allude to, underscore, insinuate, exemplify
Devices: anaphora, juxtaposition, hyperbole, oxymoron, metonymy
Idioms: split hairs, couch in terms of, mince words, read the subtext
Registers: legalese, academic register, poetic language, bureaucratic jargon

🧑‍⚖️ 4. Legal, Political and Philosophical Terms

Vocabulary: jurisprudence, sovereignty, disenfranchisement, utilitarianism, jurisprudential
Verbs: legislate, adjudicate, arbitrate, uphold, invalidate
Concepts: checks and balances, constitutional rights, burden of proof, ethical dilemma
Idioms: play devil’s advocate, pass judgement, throw the book at someone

💬 5. High-level Communication and Debate

Verbs: elaborate, counter, expound, qualify, contextualize
Debate phrases: By the same token..., That being said..., It stands to reason that..., One could argue that...
Collocations: a nuanced argument, constructive criticism, rhetorical strategy
Idioms: cut to the chase, muddy the waters, beat around the bush

🧑‍💼 6. Professional and Corporate English

Verbs: streamline, delegate, outsource, benchmark, oversee
Vocabulary: blueprint, contingency, leverage, stakeholder, KPI (key performance indicator)
Collocations: corporate governance, value proposition, mission statement
Phrases: align with objectives, ensure compliance, optimize resources

🌍 7. Global Affairs and Diplomacy

Vocabulary: multilateralism, embargo, deterrent, geopolitical, sovereignty
Verbs: mediate, broker, sanction, denounce, de-escalate
Collocations: bilateral relations, strategic alliance, peace accord
Idioms: a political minefield, take a diplomatic stance, behind closed doors

🌱 8. Environment and Sustainability (Advanced)

Vocabulary: ecological degradation, sustainability index, anthropogenic impact, biodiversity offsetting
Verbs: curtail, mitigate, intensify, incentivize, repurpose
Phrases: carbon-neutral future, irreversible damage, intergenerational equity
Idioms: tip the balance, at the tipping point, sweep under the rug

🧬 9. Science, Technology and Ethics

Terms: singularity, neural network, genetic engineering, transhumanism, quantum computing
Verbs: harness, innovate, disrupt, digitize, simulate
Phrases: moral implications of AI, data privacy concerns, the future of human enhancement
Idioms: push the boundaries, open a can of worms, walk a fine line

🧘 10. Psychology, Mental Health and Human Behavior

Vocabulary: cognitive dissonance, neurodivergent, psychosomatic, affect regulation, self-actualization
Verbs: internalize, reframe, project, suppress, manifest
Idioms: at your wit’s end, a clean bill of health, bottled-up emotions
Collocations: therapeutic process, emotional intelligence, behavioral patterns

🎨 11. Literature, Art and Aesthetics

Literary terms: allegory, stream of consciousness, pastiche, intertextuality, bildungsroman
Art: postmodernism, installation, conceptual art, chiaroscuro, triptych
Verbs: depict, evoke, juxtapose, subvert, deconstruct
Expressions: aesthetically pleasing, critically acclaimed, metaphorical depth

💡 12. Creativity, Innovation and Abstract Thought

Concepts: lateral thinking, divergent thinking, originality, innovation matrix
Verbs: brainstorm, ideate, envisage, reimagine, improvise
Idioms: reinvent the wheel, outside the box, spark an idea
Collocations: creative process, conceptual breakthrough, intuitive leap

💰 13. Economics, Investment and Financial Analysis

Vocabulary: macroeconomics, liquidity, diversification, arbitrage, fiscal stimulus
Verbs: subsidize, hedge, default, accrue, fluctuate
Phrases: bull and bear markets, economic volatility, portfolio management
Idioms: a safe bet, hedge your bets, boom and bust

🧭 14. Time, Space and Reality

Abstract concepts: transience, impermanence, hindsight, foresight, serendipity
Verbs: transcend, perceive, unfold, unfold, alter
Philosophical terms: phenomenology, metaphysics, ontology, dualism
Expressions: lost in thought, ahead of your time, the illusion of control

🧾 15. Advanced Writing and Stylistic Devices

Structures: em-dash, parenthetical remarks, rhetorical questions, nominalisation
Formality: in lieu of, notwithstanding, heretofore, insofar as
Tone control: detached, sardonic, assertive, equivocal, ambivalent
Academic idioms: the crux of the matter, boils down to, raises the question

📘 How to study this vocabulary?

✅ Recommended uses:

Argumentative essays, critical articles, academic papers.
Literary and cultural analysis.
Philosophical, political, and ethical debates.
Preparation for Cambridge C2 Proficiency (CPE), TOEFL, IELTS (8+).
High-level creative and professional writing.

✅ Suggested techniques:

Reading advanced texts (essays, columns, papers).
Reflective writing and rewriting texts in different registers.
Listening to lectures, debates, TED Talks, academic podcasts.
Studying collocations, idioms, and word formation (prefixes/suffixes).
Creating personal thematic glossaries and flashcards (Anki, Quizlet).

C1 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

C1-level vocabulary involves the ability to use a wide range of language accurately and flexibly for social, academic, and professional purposes. Learners at this level can use idiomatic phrases, collocations, and formal expressions confidently. They are able to express complex ideas clearly, choose words precisely, and understand implicit meanings in most situations. The vocabulary at this level supports detailed argumentation, abstract thinking, and stylistic variation depending on the context or audience.

🧠 1. Advanced Personality and Identity

Traits: perceptive, introspective, articulate, aloof, self-assured
Emotions: indifferent, elated, bewildered, apprehensive, cynical
Idioms: keep your composure, come across as, bottle things up
Nuances: temperament, disposition, outlook, vulnerability

👥 2. Social Interaction and Communication

Verbs: articulate, assert, contradict, persuade, empathize
Adjectives: tactful, outspoken, diplomatic, coherent, evasive
Phrasal verbs: speak up, butt in, go off on a tangent
Expressions: read between the lines, for the sake of argument, talk someone into

🎓 3. Higher Education and Academic Language

Vocabulary: dissertation, hypothesis, methodology, plagiarism, abstract
Academic verbs: infer, compile, evaluate, deduce, justify
Formal connectors: moreover, albeit, notwithstanding, thereby
Collocations: make an assumption, gather evidence, conduct research

💼 4. Work, Business and Career Development

Work culture: burnout, morale, turnover, appraisal, redundancy
Business: entrepreneurship, stakeholder, merger, acquisition, asset
Workplace skills: delegation, negotiation, multitasking, networking
Idioms: climb the corporate ladder, get the sack, think outside the box

💬 5. Language, Discourse and Rhetoric

Linguistic terms: metaphor, irony, euphemism, ambiguity, register
Discourse markers: having said that, in the same vein, conversely
Verbs: paraphrase, allude to, convey, elaborate, reiterate
Idioms: in so many words, lost for words, catch someone’s drift

🌍 6. Global Affairs and Geopolitics

Vocabulary: diplomacy, sanctions, authoritarian, sovereignty, nationalism
Verbs: mediate, intervene, impose, legislate, mobilize
Concepts: hegemony, populism, civil unrest, peacekeeping
Phrases: shift in power, breach of agreement, international outcry

🌱 7. Environment and Ethical Responsibility

Environmental terms: biodiversity, carbon footprint, sustainability, depletion
Ethical vocabulary: transparency, accountability, corporate social responsibility
Verbs: mitigate, conserve, regulate, contaminate, exploit
Collocations: renewable energy, ecological disaster, environmental impact

🧬 8. Science, Innovation and Research

Concepts: breakthrough, hypothesis, paradigm, algorithm, simulation
Academic verbs: devise, validate, innovate, calibrate, replicate
Fields: biotechnology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, astrophysics
Phrases: cutting-edge technology, scientific consensus, data-driven

🧠 9. Psychology, Behavior and Mind

Terms: cognitive bias, resilience, self-esteem, introspection, trauma
Verbs: rationalize, internalize, suppress, manifest, cope
Expressions: come to terms with, have a tendency to, suffer a setback
Idioms: a slippery slope, out of your depth, dig deep

🗞️ 10. Media, Culture and Representation

Vocabulary: censorship, bias, portrayal, satire, sensationalism
Verbs: broadcast, depict, distort, sensationalize, provoke
Critical terms: narrative, framing, identity politics, cancel culture
Idioms: the big picture, spin the story, media frenzy

🧘 11. Well-being, Lifestyle and Mental Health

Vocabulary: burnout, mindfulness, self-care, stress management
Verbs: rejuvenate, unwind, disconnect, recharge, balance
Idioms: peace of mind, take its toll, keep your sanity
Expressions: lead a fulfilling life, cope with pressure, prioritize well-being

🗣️ 12. Debate, Argumentation and Critical Thinking

Verbs: refute, concede, assert, challenge, qualify
Collocations: a compelling argument, flawed logic, reasonable doubt
Debate language: to some extent, on the contrary, granted that
Idioms: devil’s advocate, take a stand, play it by ear

🌆 13. Urban Life, Globalization and Modern Society

Urban terms: infrastructure, overpopulation, gentrification, urban sprawl
Society: multiculturalism, social fabric, inequality, integration
Globalization: outsourcing, mobility, homogenization, interdependence
Idioms: the rat race, melting pot, walk of life

💰 14. Economics, Finance and Consumerism

Vocabulary: inflation, deficit, equity, investment, consumption
Verbs: allocate, budget, fluctuate, thrive, deteriorate
Financial collocations: economic downturn, fiscal policy, disposable income
Idioms: tighten your belt, money doesn’t grow on trees, live beyond your means

🎨 15. Art, Literature and Cultural Criticism

Literature: symbolism, intertextuality, narrative voice, characterization
Art terms: abstract, installation, exhibit, expressionist, minimalism
Verbs: depict, evoke, interpret, critique, deconstruct
Idioms: a work of art, paint a picture, read between the lines

🧩 16. Abstract Concepts and Philosophy

Concepts: consciousness, identity, morality, determinism, perception
Verbs: ponder, speculate, contemplate, assert, question
Expressions: food for thought, call into question, take for granted
Idioms: think outside the box, broaden your horizons, walk a fine line

💻 17. Technology, Privacy and Digital Ethics

Terms: surveillance, encryption, data breach, algorithm, AI bias
Verbs: monitor, invade, regulate, encrypt, exploit
Phrases: digital footprint, user consent, data-driven decision
Idioms: push the envelope, off the grid, tech-savvy

🏛️ 18. Politics, Law and Civic Engagement

Vocabulary: policy, legislature, lobbying, jurisdiction, mandate
Verbs: enforce, campaign, legislate, regulate, amend
Collocations: political unrest, legal loophole, public opinion
Idioms: cross the line, take a stand, above the law

🔍 19. Problem Solving and Strategic Thinking

Verbs: evaluate, prioritize, strategize, troubleshoot, improvise
Nouns: setback, bottleneck, obstacle, contingency, loophole
Phrases: come up with a solution, think on your feet, weigh your options
Idioms: back to the drawing board, think outside the box, hit a dead end

🧾 20. Formal Writing and Professional Language

Connectors: consequently, nevertheless, in regard to, on behalf of
Verbs: liaise, facilitate, implement, oversee, delegate
Collocations: draft a proposal, submit a report, meet a deadline
Phrases: with reference to, please be advised, it is imperative that

📘 How to work with this vocabulary?

Use it in real-life and formal contexts: essays, presentations, speeches.
Integrate it into debates, critical articles, and research projects.
Explore collocations, phrasal verbs, idioms, and formal registers.
Practice it with academic texts, editorials, and scientific articles.
Evaluate it through paraphrasing, inferences, and critical analysis.

B2 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

At B2 level, vocabulary includes a broad range of words and expressions that allow learners to communicate effectively and naturally in both familiar and unfamiliar topics. Learners can understand the main ideas of complex texts, follow detailed discussions, and express opinions clearly. Vocabulary at this level includes common phrasal verbs, idiomatic expressions, and topic-specific words used in areas such as education, work, media, health, and technology. It supports fluent interaction and the ability to explain and defend viewpoints.

🧑‍🎓 1. Personal Identity, Personality and Character

Traits: assertive, empathetic, resourceful, self-confident, open-minded
Attitudes: easy-going, narrow-minded, outgoing, introverted, thoughtful
Idioms: keep to yourself, speak your mind, wear your heart on your sleeve
Personal growth: self-awareness, emotional intelligence, resilience

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 2. Social Relationships and Communication

Relationship verbs: bond with, confide in, drift apart, fall out, reconcile
Social issues: peer pressure, toxic relationships, social norms
Discussion phrases: I take your point, That’s debatable, It depends on...
Tone and register: formal/informal, polite/impolite, assertive/passive

👔 3. Work, Business and Professional Life

Job market: vacancy, internship, promotion, workload, resignation
Office terms: deadline, meeting, agenda, schedule, memo
Employment: recruit, apply for, be laid off, freelance, contract
Business collocations: make a deal, run a company, attend a conference

🎓 4. Education and Academic Life

Academic vocabulary: assignment, lecture, seminar, curriculum, tutor
Learning strategies: brainstorm, summarize, take notes, paraphrase
Exams and achievements: mark, grade, certificate, graduate, qualification
Expressions: do research, hand in an essay, retake a test, skip a class

🌍 5. Global Issues and Society

Problems: inequality, corruption, censorship, overpopulation, homelessness
Actions: protest, raise awareness, implement policy, advocate for
Vocabulary: human rights, justice, poverty, democracy, civil liberties
Phrases: take a stand, fight for a cause, break the law

🌱 6. Environment and Sustainability

Topics: deforestation, climate change, pollution, carbon emissions
Eco-actions: recycle, conserve, switch off, cut down on, compost
Vocabulary: renewable energy, global warming, endangered species
Expressions: reduce your footprint, go green, protect biodiversity

💬 7. Media, News and Mass Communication

Media types: tabloid, broadsheet, podcast, streaming platform
Journalism terms: headline, reporter, anchor, editor, live broadcast
Bias and reliability: fake news, clickbait, censorship, source, agenda
Expressions: go viral, break the news, cover a story

🧑‍💻 8. Technology and Innovation

Digital life: social networking, privacy, cloud storage, password, cybersecurity
Tech verbs: install, update, back up, hack, browse, upload
Gadgets: wearable tech, tablet, e-reader, smartwatch, drone
Idioms: cutting-edge, light years ahead, push the boundaries

💸 9. Money, Banking and Consumerism

Personal finance: budget, expenses, income, overdraft, loan
Shopping: refund, receipt, discount, delivery, installment
Economic terms: inflation, unemployment, recession, GDP, investment
Idioms: cost an arm and a leg, live beyond your means, tighten your belt

🛫 10. Travel, Transport and Tourism

Travel problems: delay, overbooked, turbulence, jet lag, lost luggage
Verbs: board, land, cancel, book, explore, wander
Accommodation: guesthouse, B&B, self-catering apartment, hostel
Expressions: off the beaten path, travel light, check in/out

🧠 11. Health, Mind and Well-being

Health problems: injury, infection, allergy, headache, fever
Mental health: anxiety, stress, depression, mindfulness, burnout
Verbs: recover, treat, consult, prescribe, diagnose
Expressions: take care of yourself, be under the weather, feel run down

🏋️ 12. Fitness, Sport and Lifestyle

Sports: athletics, martial arts, gymnastics, endurance, yoga
Equipment: gear, helmet, weights, mat, resistance band
Lifestyle: sedentary, balanced diet, high-protein, low-carb, workout
Phrasal verbs: work out, warm up, cool down, give up

🎭 13. Culture, Arts and Creative Expression

Art: sculpture, painting, exhibition, gallery, installation
Music: genre, composer, lyrics, melody, performance
Literature: novel, plot, character, setting, climax, metaphor
Film: screenplay, cast, director, trailer, rating

💻 14. Online Life and Digital Habits

Digital verbs: stream, post, comment, delete, follow, share
Social media vocabulary: hashtag, trend, influencer, content creator
Cyber risks: scam, spam, phishing, addiction, identity theft
Expressions: scroll endlessly, go offline, limit screen time

📢 15. Advertising, Marketing and Influence

Ad types: commercial, banner ad, product placement, jingle
Marketing terms: brand, target audience, logo, campaign, sponsorship
Verbs: promote, advertise, launch, market, endorse
Phrases: viral marketing, brand loyalty, social proof

🧩 16. Decision-Making and Problem Solving

Verbs: evaluate, assess, weigh up, consider, overthink
Nouns: pros and cons, outcome, result, alternative, feedback
Idioms: sleep on it, jump to conclusions, take into account
Expressions: It’s a tough call, I’m torn between..., Let’s go with...

🧭 17. Life Events and Milestones

Events: graduation, wedding, job offer, relocation, retirement
Verbs: achieve, fail, succeed, overcome, plan ahead
Nouns: opportunity, challenge, goal, turning point
Idioms: a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, hit a milestone

🗣️ 18. Advanced Communication

Debate vocabulary: rebuttal, counterargument, concession, standpoint
Phrasal verbs: bring up, point out, back up, talk over, speak out
Connectors: nevertheless, in contrast, similarly, in other words
Tone: sarcastic, sincere, assertive, apologetic, neutral

🧠 19. Abstract Thinking and Learning

Learning strategies: reflection, analysis, synthesis, application
Critical thinking: bias, logic, assumption, evidence, inference
Study techniques: cram, review, outline, highlight, memorize
Expressions: learn from mistakes, think critically, question everything

🎉 20. Events, Festivals and Traditions

Vocabulary: custom, ritual, celebration, parade, fireworks
Verbs: celebrate, commemorate, mark, honor, gather
Cultural expressions: dress up, throw a party, give a toast

📘 How to work on this vocabulary?

Present by functional topic, with examples in real-life contexts.
Use in readings, essays, dialogues, and oral presentations.
Integrate with B2 grammar: conditionals, passive, indirect speech.
Apply in activities: debates, simulations, text analysis.
Reinforce with collocations, phrasal verbs, and idiomatic expressions.

B1 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

B1 vocabulary is used to talk about daily life, hobbies, travel, work, and school. Learners at this level can describe experiences, give reasons, and explain plans. They know many common verbs, nouns, adjectives, and can use basic phrasal verbs and expressions. Vocabulary at this level helps learners to join in conversations, give opinions, and understand main points in spoken and written texts. It is also useful for writing short texts and emails about familiar topics.

🧑‍💼 1. Personal Identity and Lifestyle

Personality: ambitious, reliable, outgoing, sensitive, generous, selfish
Lifestyle: routine, balanced, stressful, relaxed, busy, active, sedentary
Habits: daily, weekly, rarely, occasionally, regularly
Leisure: free time, hobby, interest, pastime, club, membership
Goals: achieve, improve, develop, plan, challenge

🧍 2. Appearance and Personality Description

Physical features: athletic, slim, overweight, middle-aged, good-looking
Face & body: freckles, beard, wrinkles, tan, skin tone
Personal traits: moody, patient, clever, responsible, supportive
Emotions: jealous, confident, embarrassed, upset, bored, anxious
Idioms: down-to-earth, full of energy, lose your temper

👪 3. Family, Friends and Relationships

Family roles: stepmother, cousin, nephew, niece, in-laws
Friendship: trust, support, get along, fall out, hang out
Relationship verbs: argue, date, propose, split up, forgive
Expressions: make up, keep in touch, have things in common

🏠 4. Housing and Accommodation

Housing types: flat, cottage, bungalow, terraced house, penthouse
Renting terms: tenant, landlord, lease, deposit, bills included
Household problems: leak, fuse, broken pipe, clogged drain
Maintenance: fix, replace, install, repair, decorate

🧽 5. Housework and Domestic Life

Chores: vacuum, mop, iron, fold clothes, take out the rubbish
Equipment: detergent, broom, sponge, bucket, duster
Verbs: tidy, organize, sort, clean up, sweep
Expressions: do the housework, run errands, share responsibilities

🏫 6. Education and School Life

Types of schools: nursery, primary, secondary, college, boarding
School system: term, grade, timetable, uniform, subject
Verbs: enroll, attend, revise, graduate, get a scholarship
Exams: pass, fail, take, resit, oral exam
Study methods: make notes, learn by heart, do research

💼 7. Jobs, Careers and Employment

Professions: accountant, plumber, architect, lawyer, electrician
Workplaces: office, site, firm, lab, store
Job actions: apply, hire, fire, resign, commute
Job qualities: punctual, experienced, hardworking, qualified
Phrases: full-time job, job offer, promotion, job interview

🛍️ 8. Shopping and Consumer Goods

Shops: department store, market, pharmacy, florist, outlet
Payment: receipt, discount, refund, barcode, loyalty card
Products: cosmetics, groceries, appliances, electronics, furniture
Verbs: browse, exchange, purchase, complain, queue
Expressions: out of stock, on sale, brand new, best deal

💵 9. Money and Finance

Banking: savings, account, credit card, loan, interest
Expenses: bill, fee, rent, fine, tax
Verbs: afford, save up, invest, spend, withdraw
Money idioms: cost a fortune, save for a rainy day

🍽️ 10. Food, Cooking and Eating Out

Food categories: dairy, grains, legumes, seafood, spices
Cooking actions: grill, roast, steam, blend, season
Restaurant language: waiter, tip, reservation, menu, special
Food qualities: fresh, stale, spicy, creamy, greasy
Expressions: eat out, grab a bite, make a reservation

✈️ 11. Travel and Holidays

Accommodation: hostel, resort, villa, bed and breakfast
Transport: ferry, shuttle, rental car, underground, cruise
Verbs: check in, pack, board, land, miss a flight
Tourism: sightseeing, guided tour, travel insurance, passport control
Problems: lost luggage, delayed flight, overbooked, jet lag

🌆 12. Cities, Towns and Public Places

City vocabulary: suburb, district, traffic jam, pedestrian zone
Urban life: crowded, lively, polluted, historic, multicultural
Public services: town hall, post office, recycling center, police station
Directions: intersection, traffic lights, roundabout, sidewalk, avenue

📱 13. Technology and Digital Communication

Devices: tablet, webcam, charger, headphones, smartwatch
Verbs: download, upload, browse, install, update
Online life: blog, account, password, settings, notification
Expressions: go viral, log in/out, check notifications

📚 14. Media, News and Entertainment

Media types: documentary, sitcom, broadcast, commercial, headline
Reading: novel, biography, comic, magazine, newspaper
Film genres: thriller, horror, romance, drama, animation
Verbs: review, publish, report, stream, subscribe
Expressions: based on a true story, must-see, breaking news

🏃 15. Health, Fitness and Lifestyle

Health: symptoms, check-up, illness, recovery, treatment
Fitness: workout, cardio, strength, flexibility, gym
Nutrition: balanced diet, supplements, calories, junk food
Habits: quit smoking, reduce stress, sleep well
Expressions: in good shape, under the weather, health freak

🎉 16. Events and Celebrations

Events: wedding, graduation, fair, parade, concert
Verbs: celebrate, organise, decorate, attend, invite
Vocabulary: guests, balloons, fireworks, invitation, gift
Expressions: throw a party, have a toast, dress up

🌍 17. Environment and Global Issues

Environmental issues: pollution, climate change, deforestation, drought
Actions: recycle, reuse, reduce, conserve, protect
Green vocabulary: eco-friendly, biodegradable, renewable, carbon footprint
Expressions: go green, save energy, reduce waste

🧭 18. Feelings, Emotions and Experiences

Emotions: disappointed, thrilled, proud, jealous, nervous
Experience verbs: enjoy, suffer, overcome, celebrate, experience
Expressions: in a good mood, feel blue, get butterflies, over the moon

🧠 19. Thinking and Learning

Mental actions: realize, remember, forget, focus, decide
Verbs: analyze, explain, summarize, conclude, discuss
Learning expressions: make a mistake, do your best, come up with an idea

🗣️ 20. Communication and Interaction

Phrasal verbs: speak up, calm down, get on with, look after, pick up
Expressing opinions: I believe that…, In my opinion…, As far as I’m concerned…
Agree/disagree: That’s true, I’m not sure, I see your point, I totally disagree
Expressions: small talk, get the message, have a chat

📘 How to work on this vocabulary?

Organize it by topic with examples and complete sentences.
Use texts, dialogues, audio clips, and debates to contextualize words.
Introduce phrasal verbs, collocations, and idioms step by step.
Relate it to the grammar of the level (present perfect, first conditional, etc.).
Create interactive glossaries, flashcards, word searches, role-playing activities, and games.

A2 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

A2 vocabulary helps learners talk about everyday things like food, family, weather, clothes, jobs, and routines. Learners can use simple words and expressions to talk about what they do, what they like, and what they want. They can ask and answer basic questions and understand short texts and messages. A2 vocabulary includes common verbs, days, months, places, numbers, and basic adjectives. It’s useful for shopping, travelling, and making simple conversations.

🧑‍💼 1. Personal Identity and Everyday Life

Personality: confident, shy, polite, rude, kind, lazy
Life stages: teenager, adult, middle-aged, elderly
Daily routines: get ready, leave home, come back, relax
Habits: usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
Likes and dislikes: enjoy, hate, prefer, be interested in

🧍 2. Describing People

Appearance: slim, overweight, curly hair, beard, glasses
Clothes: casual, formal, patterned, tight, loose
Accessories: sunglasses, backpack, wallet, earrings, bracelet
Character traits: helpful, honest, brave, creative, funny
Nationalities and languages: Brazilian, Chinese, Italian, speak Portuguese

🏡 3. Home, Furniture and Household Chores

Rooms: attic, balcony, basement, hallway, garage
Furniture: cupboard, drawer, armchair, rug, bedside table
Appliances: microwave, kettle, oven, vacuum cleaner
Chores: do the laundry, sweep the floor, take out the trash
House types: apartment, cottage, detached house, studio

📆 4. Time, Dates and Seasons

Days and months (review from A1)
Time expressions: quarter to, quarter past, around noon, midnight
Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter
Frequency: once/twice a week, every day, from time to time
Expressions: at the weekend, in the evening, during the summer

🏫 5. School and Education

Subjects: science, geography, art, music, physical education
School materials: notebook, highlighter, calculator, binder
School activities: take a test, do a project, study for an exam
People: classmate, principal, headteacher, librarian
Verbs: attend, revise, concentrate, pass, fail

💼 6. Work and Professions

Jobs: waiter, engineer, mechanic, nurse, receptionist
Workplace: office, factory, hospital, shop, construction site
Work-related verbs: earn, work overtime, apply, retire
Job tasks: serve customers, answer emails, clean, fix things
Employment terms: full-time, part-time, unemployed, intern

🧳 7. Travel and Transport

Transport: ferry, tram, subway, taxi, motorbike
Travel verbs: book, check in, get on/off, delay, cancel
Airport vocabulary: boarding pass, luggage, gate, security check
Directions: go straight on, turn left/right, cross the street
Accommodation: hostel, guesthouse, campsite, bed and breakfast

🍔 8. Food, Drink and Eating Out

More food: cereal, ham, salmon, yogurt, peas, mushrooms
Cooking verbs: boil, bake, fry, grill, slice, chop
Containers: can, jar, carton, packet, bottle
Restaurant phrases: I'd like..., Could I have..., The bill, please
Diets: vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free, healthy, junk food

💵 9. Shopping and Money

Shops: butcher, pharmacy, newsagent, stationery shop
Payment methods: cash, credit card, debit card, change, receipt
Quantities: a loaf of bread, a bunch of grapes, a kilo of apples
Verbs: buy, sell, try on, return, exchange
Expressions: How much does it cost?, It's too expensive, It's on sale

🛒 10. Consumer Products and Services

Electronics: smartphone, headphones, tablet, charger, USB drive
Services: dry cleaner, hairdresser, plumber, tailor
Describing products: second-hand, new, broken, under warranty
Service actions: repair, deliver, install, book

💻 11. Technology and Digital Life

Devices: laptop, smartwatch, printer, keyboard, screen
Actions: download, upload, log in, click, type, browse
Online activities: stream music, watch videos, play games
Internet safety: password, virus, privacy, settings
Social media: post, comment, follow, like, share

🌍 12. Places in Town and Buildings

Public places: museum, stadium, zoo, swimming pool, gym
Government: police station, city hall, embassy, fire station
Entertainment: theatre, cinema, concert hall, amusement park
Describing locations: crowded, noisy, quiet, safe, clean

👩‍⚕️ 13. Health and Body

Body parts: neck, shoulder, knee, ankle, stomach
Symptoms: cough, sore throat, headache, fever, stomachache
Remedies: take medicine, rest, apply cream, use a bandage
Healthy habits: exercise, sleep well, drink water
At the doctor: appointment, prescription, check-up, allergy

🧘 14. Feelings, Emotions and Opinions

Emotions: worried, excited, nervous, bored, relaxed, angry
Giving opinions: I think..., In my opinion..., I agree/disagree
Describing reactions: surprised, disappointed, proud, confused
Likes/dislikes in detail: I’m really into..., I’m not keen on...

🎭 15. Free Time and Hobbies

Hobbies: painting, gardening, collecting, hiking, photography
Instruments: guitar, drums, piano, violin, flute
Games and activities: board games, chess, video games
Verbs: hang out, chill, go out, join, compete
Expressions: I spend time..., I’m a member of..., It helps me relax

🏅 16. Sports and Physical Activities

Sports: volleyball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics, yoga
Equipment: ball, racket, helmet, net, trainers
Verbs: train, stretch, score, win, lose, compete
Sports places: court, pitch, field, gym, track
Expressions: play for a team, go swimming, do karate

🎉 17. Special Occasions and Festivals

Events: wedding, anniversary, graduation, concert, festival
Celebrations: decorate, invite, give/receive gifts, wear costumes
Vocabulary: cake, candles, fireworks, parade, invitation

🌦️ 18. Weather and Nature

Weather conditions: foggy, stormy, humid, icy, windy
Natural features: river, lake, mountain, desert, forest
Natural disasters: earthquake, flood, hurricane, volcano
Climate expressions: It’s freezing / boiling / mild / chilly

🌍 19. Environment and Sustainability

Actions: recycle, reduce, reuse, save, pollute
Environmental problems: pollution, global warming, deforestation
Eco-friendly items: reusable bag, solar panel, compost, hybrid car

👪 20. Social Relationships and Communication

People: neighbour, classmate, colleague, stranger
Verbs: argue, trust, respect, support, help
Relationship types: friendship, partnership, teamwork
Communication: invite, suggest, explain, describe, apologise

📘 How to work on this vocabulary?

Introduce it with images, examples, and contextual use.
Create simple sentences with basic verb tenses (present, past, future).
Associate words with real or simulated actions (TPR, role-play).
Organize it in thematic cards or visual glossaries.
Practice it through games, dialogues, and short texts.

A1 LEVEL ENGLISH VOCABULARY

A1 vocabulary is for very simple English. It includes words for people, places, family, numbers, colors, food, and basic actions. Learners can say hello, talk about their name, age, country, and favorite things. They can use simple verbs like have, like, go, eat, live, and be. A1 vocabulary helps with short sentences, questions, and answers. It is good for daily life and basic conversations.

👋 1. Personal Information

Name
Age
Birthday
Address
Phone number
Email
Country and city
Nationality
First name / Last name
Male / Female

🧑‍🤝‍🧑 2. People and Family

Mother / Father
Sister / Brother
Parents
Grandma / Grandpa
Aunt / Uncle
Cousin
Baby / Child / Teenager / Adult
Friend / Best friend
Man / Woman

🧍‍♂️ 3. Appearance and Personality

Tall / Short
Thin / Fat
Young / Old
Hair: long, short, curly, straight, blonde, dark
Eyes: blue, green, brown
Funny / Nice / Kind / Friendly / Shy / Happy

🏡 4. Home and Furniture

House / Apartment / Room
Kitchen / Bathroom / Bedroom / Living room
Chair / Table / Sofa / Bed
Window / Door / Wall / Floor / Ceiling
Lamp / Mirror / Shelf / Closet

🧽 5. Daily Routines and Chores

Wake up / Get up / Take a shower
Brush teeth / Wash face
Eat breakfast / Go to school / Come home
Do homework / Watch TV / Go to bed
Cook / Clean / Wash / Sweep

🕒 6. Time, Days and Dates

Days: Monday – Sunday
Months: January – December
Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter
Morning / Afternoon / Evening / Night
Today / Yesterday / Tomorrow
Clock: o’clock, half past, quarter past/to

🎒 7. School and Education

School / Teacher / Student / Class
Classroom / Board / Book / Pencil / Eraser
Pen / Ruler / Desk / Chair / Bag
Subjects: English, Math, Science, History
Homework / Lesson / Test / Break

🍝 8. Food and Drink

Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack
Fruits: apple, banana, orange, grape
Vegetables: tomato, potato, carrot, lettuce
Drinks: water, juice, milk, tea, coffee
Meat / Fish / Rice / Bread / Cheese
Eat / Drink / Hungry / Thirsty / Delicious

👕 9. Clothes and Colors

Clothes: T-shirt, jeans, dress, skirt, shorts, shoes, jacket
Accessories: hat, scarf, belt, socks
Colors: red, blue, yellow, green, black, white, brown, pink, orange, purple
Wear / Put on / Take off

🏘️ 10. Town and Places

City / Town / Village
Park / School / Bank / Post office / Library
Supermarket / Shop / Store / Restaurant / Café
Bus stop / Train station / Airport / Hospital
Street / Road / Building / Bridge

🧭 11. Directions and Transport

Left / Right / Straight / Turn / Go
In front of / Behind / Next to / Between
Car / Bus / Train / Plane / Bike / Taxi
Walk / Drive / Ride / Fly / Travel

💬 12. Basic Communication

Hello / Hi / Goodbye / See you
Please / Thank you / You’re welcome
Excuse me / Sorry
Yes / No / Maybe
What’s your name? / How are you? / I’m fine.
Can you help me? / I don’t understand

🧘 13. Feelings and Health

Happy / Sad / Angry / Excited / Scared / Tired
Sick / Ill / Headache / Fever / Cold
Doctor / Nurse / Hospital / Medicine
Rest / Sleep / Feel better

🐶 14. Animals

Dog / Cat / Bird / Fish / Rabbit
Cow / Horse / Pig / Chicken / Sheep
Zoo animals: lion, tiger, elephant, monkey
Pet / Wild / Animal / Feed / Play with

🌦️ 15. Weather and Seasons

Sunny / Rainy / Cloudy / Windy / Snowy
Hot / Cold / Warm / Cool
Summer / Winter / Spring / Autumn
It’s raining / It’s hot / It’s snowing

🎉 16. Celebrations and Free Time

Birthday / Party / Gift / Cake / Balloon
Dance / Sing / Play / Listen / Watch
Movie / TV / Music / Song / Game
Sports: football, basketball, swimming, tennis
Read / Draw / Paint / Ride a bike

💵 17. Shopping and Money

Shop / Supermarket / Market
Buy / Sell / Pay / Cost / Price
Cheap / Expensive / Money / Coin / Bill
How much is it? / I want to buy...

💻 18. Technology and Daily Devices

Phone / Computer / TV / Radio
Call / Text / Email / Watch / Listen
Internet / Video / Game / Camera

🧳 19. Travel and Holidays

Travel / Trip / Holiday / Vacation
Beach / Mountain / City / Forest / Hotel
Passport / Ticket / Suitcase / Bag
Go by bus / train / car / plane

🧍 20. Verbs and Everyday Actions

Be / Have / Like / Want / Need / Go / Come
Do / Make / Say / Tell / Ask / Answer
Eat / Drink / Sleep / Read / Write / Walk / Run
Sit / Stand / Open / Close / Take / Give

📘 Recommendations for working on this vocabulary:

Introduce vocabulary thematically and visually (with images).
Use flashcards, games, and classifications.
Create simple sentences in the simple present tense.
Practice with common questions and short answers.
Connect vocabulary to routines and real-life situations.

C2 LEVEL ENGLISH TOPICS

At C2 level, learners engage with topics that demand critical interpretation, abstract reasoning, and stylistic sophistication. Topics may include global ethics, philosophical debates, advanced academic disciplines, art criticism, socio-political theory, economic models, and cross-cultural paradigms. These themes require the ability to discuss subtle distinctions, formulate nuanced arguments, and communicate with fluency, rhetorical control, and precision, both orally and in writing. Learners at this level explore complex issues from multiple perspectives and are expected to use English as an articulate vehicle for intellectual discourse.

🧠 1. Consciousness, Identity and the Human Mind

Philosophy of mind and personal identity
Memory, perception, and self-awareness
Artificial consciousness and human cognition
Neuroscience and free will

💬 2. Language, Semantics and Communication Theory

Pragmatics and discourse analysis
Language and power (political correctness, censorship)
Language evolution and linguistic determinism
Code-switching, idiomaticity, and stylistic nuance

📚 3. Academic Thought and Intellectual Traditions

Epistemology: what is knowledge?
Major schools of philosophy (rationalism, empiricism)
Cross-disciplinary thinking
Rhetorical structure and academic tone

🌍 4. Global Issues and Geopolitical Dynamics

Colonial legacy and global inequality
Geopolitical alliances and shifting powers
Global governance, sovereignty, and international law
Intercultural diplomacy and soft power

⚖️ 5. Ethics, Law and Morality in Complex Contexts

Legal vs. moral obligations
Bioethics, AI ethics, and tech regulation
Justice, punishment, and rehabilitation
Whistleblowing and moral courage

🧑‍🎓 6. Education, Knowledge Societies and Critical Pedagogy

Power structures in education systems
The commodification of knowledge
Inclusive education and educational justice
Critical pedagogy (Freire, hooks, etc.)

🎭 7. Aesthetics, Art and Cultural Interpretation

The role of art in social transformation
Interpreting abstract and conceptual art
Postmodernism and deconstruction in literature
Cultural semiotics and symbolism

🧑‍💻 8. Technology, Society and Philosophical Impact

Transhumanism and the future of the human body
Technological singularity and existential risk
The ethics of data and algorithmic governance
Virtual reality, embodiment and consciousness

🌱 9. Environment, Ecology and Planetary Ethics

Deep ecology and ecocriticism
Anthropocene and planetary boundaries
Environmental ethics and intergenerational justice
Climate discourse and activism strategies

🏛️ 10. Politics, Ideology and Civic Responsibility

Political philosophy (libertarianism, socialism, anarchism)
Populism, propaganda and discourse manipulation
Deliberative democracy and political apathy
Civil disobedience and moral resistance

📉 11. Economics, Global Capitalism and Alternative Models

The future of capitalism and degrowth movements
Universal basic income and labor automation
Economic inequality and taxation ethics
Cryptocurrency and decentralized finance

🕊️ 12. Conflict, Peace and Post-War Reconstruction

Root causes of conflict: economic, cultural, ideological
Conflict resolution and transitional justice
Peacebuilding models and success/failure case studies
Post-conflict reconciliation and trauma recovery

🧘 13. Psychology, Wellness and Existential Reflection

The pursuit of happiness and meaning
Mindfulness, stoicism, and human flourishing
Existential anxiety and authenticity
Cross-cultural views on mental health

📺 14. Media, Narrative and the Construction of Reality

Media as narrative framers of the real
Disinformation and post-truth society
Framing theory, agenda-setting, and media ethics
Semiotics and critical media literacy

🗺️ 15. Cultural Globalization, Hybridity and Identity

Cultural imperialism and resistance
Hybrid identities and global youth culture
Cosmopolitanism vs. nationalism
Diaspora, exile and belonging

📖 16. Literary Analysis and Intertextuality

Postcolonial literature and subversion
Stream of consciousness and modernist texts
Intertextuality, parody and pastiche
Literary criticism: feminist, Marxist, psychoanalytic lenses

🧩 17. Philosophy, Reason and Abstract Discourse

Meta-ethics and moral relativism
Logical fallacies and argument structure
Thought experiments (e.g., Trolley Problem, Ship of Theseus)
Truth, beauty, justice – can they be defined?

🏛️ 18. Civilization, Legacy and the Human Story

Comparative analysis of civilizations
Rise and fall of empires
Historical narrative and its biases
Preservation of memory: museums, archives, oral tradition

📚 Advanced Grammar and Lexical Mastery (C2):

In C2, not only grammatical mastery is expected, but also elegant, varied and controlled use of language.
Complex nominalization for academic/formal register.
Inversions for emphasis and style.
Cleft sentences for clarity and impact.
Subtle modality (might have, would have, should have...).
Ellipsis, substitution, anaphoric and cataphoric reference.
Idiomatic mastery and cultural pragmatics.
Advanced connectors (albeit, notwithstanding, insofar as...).
Registers (colloquial, academic, diplomatic, literary).

🎯 C2 Communication Competencies:

Produce structured, nuanced, and elegant speech and writing on abstract and complex topics.
Understand virtually all forms of written and spoken language, even with idiomatic, regional or literary elements.
Master the art of rhetoric, persuasion, and stylistic adaptation.
Formulate sophisticated arguments, critical evaluations and reflective responses.
Adapt register and tone precisely to audience and purpose.

C1 LEVEL ENGLISH TOPICS

C1 topics cover a wide range of sophisticated and intellectually demanding areas, such as cultural identity, globalisation, environmental challenges, innovation in science and technology, social justice, and advanced education systems. Learners are expected to analyse and evaluate ideas, justify opinions, and express themselves with clarity and flexibility. These topics prepare learners to function in academic, professional, and high-level social contexts, enabling them to debate, write, and present in a way that shows depth of thought and strategic use of language.

🧠 1. Identity, Psychology and Human Behavior

Self-awareness, identity, and personality types
Motivation, emotional intelligence, and mindset
Human behavior and decision-making
Habits, routines, and cognitive biases

💼 2. Work, Leadership and Career Development

Leadership styles and management
Professional development and performance reviews
Corporate culture and organizational behavior
Remote work, freelancing, and the gig economy

🧑‍🏫 3. Education, Learning and Knowledge

Learning styles and academic strategies
The role of education in society
Critical thinking and academic writing
Lifelong learning and personal growth

🌍 4. Society, Diversity and Social Change

Multiculturalism and inclusion
Equality, equity and social justice
Social movements and activism
Generational shifts and societal norms

📺 5. Media, Truth and Digital Influence

Media literacy and manipulation
The role of journalism and press freedom
Social media influence and echo chambers
Cancel culture and public discourse

🗳️ 6. Politics, Government and Citizenship

Political ideologies and global governance
Democracy, freedom and civil rights
Corruption and transparency
Civic participation and informed voting

🧪 7. Science, Ethics and Innovation

Breakthroughs in science and technology
Bioethics, AI, and data privacy
Climate science and sustainability
Funding and responsibility in research

🤖 8. Technology, Society and the Future

The Fourth Industrial Revolution
Human-machine interaction and automation
Smart cities, the metaverse, and future tech
Digital well-being and detox

📈 9. Economics, Business and Global Trade

Macroeconomics and financial systems
Consumer behavior and market trends
Globalization, outsourcing, and labor markets
Entrepreneurship and innovation

🧘 10. Health, Psychology and Well-being

Mental health awareness and stigma
Holistic and preventive medicine
Public health and pandemics
Work-life balance and burnout

🧳 11. Travel, Migration and Global Citizenship

Immigration, integration and multicultural societies
Digital nomads and global work trends
Responsible and sustainable tourism
Expat life and cultural adaptation

🎨 12. Art, Aesthetics and Cultural Expression

Art as political or social commentary
Evolving cultural values and artistic freedom
Literature, film, and the human experience
Popular vs. high culture

🌱 13. Environment, Sustainability and Ethics

Climate action and green policies
Ethical consumption and corporate responsibility
Environmental justice and activism
Circular economy and green innovation

💬 14. Language, Communication and Discourse

Sociolinguistics and language identity
Multilingualism and endangered languages
Rhetoric, persuasion, and public speaking
Formal vs. informal discourse registers

📚 15. Philosophy, Morality and Ethics

Ethical theories and dilemmas
Morality in law, science, and culture
Philosophy of happiness, purpose, and truth
Freedom, responsibility and the human condition

🧩 16. Culture, Tradition and Globalization

Cultural identity and adaptation
Global vs. local values
Cultural appropriation vs. appreciation
Erosion and preservation of traditions

👥 17. Relationships, Gender and Family Roles

Evolving gender roles and norms
Family structures across cultures
Power dynamics in relationships
Identity, love, and personal choice

🕊️ 18. Conflict, Security and Peacebuilding

Terrorism, war, and geopolitical tensions
Peacebuilding efforts and conflict resolution
Cybersecurity and global threats
Refugee crises and humanitarian responses

📚 C1 Grammar and Language Mastery:

C1 students must master:

Complex sentence structures and syntax
Advanced modal verbs (deduction, regret, advice, etc.)
Full range of passive and causative structures
Inversion and emphasis (Not only..., Rarely..., etc.)
Reported speech in all forms (including conditional and modals)
Ellipsis and substitution
Advanced conditionals (mixed types, unless, even if...)
Discourse markers (besides, nonetheless, admittedly, in contrast...)
Nominalisation and formality shifts

🎯 C1 Communication Goals:

Express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
Use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.
Produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects.
Understand long and demanding texts, including implicit meaning.
Present and defend viewpoints convincingly with well-structured argumentation.