This guide combines the essential grammar points for A1 learners of English. Each topic includes clear explanations and examples to help you understand and practice step by step.
1. Basic Sentence Structure
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Subject + Verb: She runs.
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Subject + Verb + Object: I eat apples.
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Yes/No Questions and Short Answers:
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Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Subject + Verb: She runs.
Subject + Verb + Object: I eat apples.
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers:
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Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
2. Verb "To Be" (Present Simple)
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Affirmative: I am, You are, He/She/It is, We/You/They are
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Negative: I am not, You are not, He is not (He isn’t)
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Questions: Am I? / Are you? / Is he/she/it?
Affirmative: I am, You are, He/She/It is, We/You/They are
Negative: I am not, You are not, He is not (He isn’t)
Questions: Am I? / Are you? / Is he/she/it?
3. Verb "To Be" (Past Simple)
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Affirmative: I was, You were, She was, We were
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Negative: I was not (wasn’t), They were not (weren’t)
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Questions: Was he? / Were you?
Affirmative: I was, You were, She was, We were
Negative: I was not (wasn’t), They were not (weren’t)
Questions: Was he? / Were you?
4. Present Simple Tense
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Affirmative (facts/routines): I work, She works, I go to school, She likes coffee
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Negative: I don’t work, He doesn’t play football
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Questions and short answers:
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Do you like pizza? — Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
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Does she work here? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
Affirmative (facts/routines): I work, She works, I go to school, She likes coffee
Negative: I don’t work, He doesn’t play football
Questions and short answers:
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Do you like pizza? — Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
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Does she work here? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
5. Present Continuous Tense
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Affirmative: I am working, She is reading
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Negative: I am not working, They aren’t playing
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Questions: Are you studying? / Is he cooking?
Affirmative: I am working, She is reading
Negative: I am not working, They aren’t playing
Questions: Are you studying? / Is he cooking?
6. Past Simple Tense (Regular and Irregular Verbs)
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Regular verbs: I worked, She played
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Irregular verbs: I went, He saw
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Negative: I didn’t work, She didn’t go
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Questions: Did you study? / Did he go?
Regular verbs: I worked, She played
Irregular verbs: I went, He saw
Negative: I didn’t work, She didn’t go
Questions: Did you study? / Did he go?
7. Future Simple Tense (Will)
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Affirmative: I will work, She will go
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Negative: I won’t work, He won’t travel
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Questions: Will you come? / Will she study?
Affirmative: I will work, She will go
Negative: I won’t work, He won’t travel
Questions: Will you come? / Will she study?
8. Be Going To (Future Plans)
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I’m going to visit my grandma.
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Are you going to watch the movie?
I’m going to visit my grandma.
Are you going to watch the movie?
9. Modal Verbs (Can, Could, Must)
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Ability: I can swim, She can’t drive
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Permission: Can I go? / You can’t enter
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Requests: Can you help me? / Could you open the door?
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Obligation: You must wear a seatbelt.
Ability: I can swim, She can’t drive
Permission: Can I go? / You can’t enter
Requests: Can you help me? / Could you open the door?
Obligation: You must wear a seatbelt.
10. Imperatives (Commands)
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Positive: Sit down!, Please open the door.
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Negative: Don’t touch!, Don’t be late!
Positive: Sit down!, Please open the door.
Negative: Don’t touch!, Don’t be late!
11. Nouns
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Singular/Plural: cat/cats, box/boxes
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Irregular plurals: man → men, child → children
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Countable/Uncountable: two apples, some water
Singular/Plural: cat/cats, box/boxes
Irregular plurals: man → men, child → children
Countable/Uncountable: two apples, some water
12. Articles
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Definite: the book, the teacher
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Indefinite: a book, an apple
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Omission: I like music, Dogs are friendly
Definite: the book, the teacher
Indefinite: a book, an apple
Omission: I like music, Dogs are friendly
13. Pronouns
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Subject: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
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Object: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
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Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers
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Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself...
Subject: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Object: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers
Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself...
14. Possessive Adjectives & ’s
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my, your, his, her, its, our, their → This is my phone.
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Possessive’s: Anna’s book, My parents’ house
my, your, his, her, its, our, their → This is my phone.
Possessive’s: Anna’s book, My parents’ house
15. Like / Want + Noun or Verb
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I like pizza.
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She wants to go home.
I like pizza.
She wants to go home.
16. Adjectives and Modifiers
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Basic: big, small, happy, sad, tired
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Comparative: bigger, smaller
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Superlative: the biggest, the most beautiful
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Modifiers: very, really, quite, too
Basic: big, small, happy, sad, tired
Comparative: bigger, smaller
Superlative: the biggest, the most beautiful
Modifiers: very, really, quite, too
17. Adverbs
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Frequency: always, usually, sometimes, never
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Manner: quickly, slowly
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Time: now, later
Frequency: always, usually, sometimes, never
Manner: quickly, slowly
Time: now, later
18. Prepositions
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Time: at 5 pm, on Monday, in April
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Place: in the room, on the table, at the station
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Direction: to, from, into, out of, under, next to, between
Time: at 5 pm, on Monday, in April
Place: in the room, on the table, at the station
Direction: to, from, into, out of, under, next to, between
19. There is / There are
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There is a book.
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There are two pens.
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Is there a chair? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
There is a book.
There are two pens.
Is there a chair? — Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
20. Some and Any
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I have some friends.
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I don’t have any money.
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Do you have any books?
I have some friends.
I don’t have any money.
Do you have any books?
21. Have / Have Got
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I have a bike.
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She’s got long hair.
I have a bike.
She’s got long hair.
22. Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those)
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This is a pen.
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That is my car.
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These are books.
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Are those your keys?
This is a pen.
That is my car.
These are books.
Are those your keys?
23. Wh- Questions
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What, Where, When, Who, Why, How, Which
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Example: Where do you live?
What, Where, When, Who, Why, How, Which
Example: Where do you live?
24. Conjunctions
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and, but, or, because
and, but, or, because
25. Time Expressions
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every day, now, today, yesterday, tomorrow
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Example: I go to the gym every day.
every day, now, today, yesterday, tomorrow
Example: I go to the gym every day.
26. Question Formation & Short Answers
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With auxiliary verbs: Do, Does, Is, Are, Can, Have
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Do you like it? / Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
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Is she your friend? / Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
With auxiliary verbs: Do, Does, Is, Are, Can, Have
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Do you like it? / Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
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Is she your friend? / Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
27. Numbers, Dates, and Times
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Cardinal: one, two, three
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Ordinal: first, second, third
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Time: It’s half past four.
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Dates: March 2nd, the 5th of July
Cardinal: one, two, three
Ordinal: first, second, third
Time: It’s half past four.
Dates: March 2nd, the 5th of July
✅ Teaching & Learning Tips
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Introduce structures gradually and in context.
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Use visuals, songs, dialogues, and games.
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Practice through daily routines and conversations.
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Repeat and recycle grammar in real-life communication.
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Assess with role plays, introductions, and simple writing tasks.
Introduce structures gradually and in context.
Use visuals, songs, dialogues, and games.
Practice through daily routines and conversations.
Repeat and recycle grammar in real-life communication.
Assess with role plays, introductions, and simple writing tasks.
👉 With these grammar points, students can communicate confidently at the A1 level and build a strong foundation for A2 and beyond.
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